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急性呼吸窘迫综合症(ARDS)是一种特殊类型的外周型呼吸衰竭,以动脉血氧合严重障碍为特点,临床以进行性呼吸困难、紫绀为主要表现。病理改变是由于肺毛细血管膜和肺泡上皮损伤所引起的肺水肿、出血,肺泡萎陷、不张,微血栓及透明膜形成。根据临床表现应与新生儿常见肺部疾病,心力衰竭肺水肿,膈疝,氧中毒所致的支气管肺发育不良,肺部重症感染及肺栓塞等进行鉴别。今分别叙述如下。
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a special type of peripheral respiratory failure characterized by severe arterial oxygenation. Its clinical manifestations include progressive dyspnea and cyanosis. Pathological changes are due to pulmonary capillary membrane and alveolar epithelial damage caused by pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, alveolar collapse, atelectasis, micro-thrombosis and the formation of transparent membrane. According to clinical manifestations should be common neonatal lung disease, pulmonary edema of heart failure, diaphragmatic hernia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia caused by oxygen poisoning, severe pulmonary infection and pulmonary embolism were identified. Now separately described below.