提高稻田氮素生态效益的施肥技术

• 作 者: 邹邦基 赫荣臻 杨玉兰
• 机 构: 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 沈阳 110015,沈阳 110015,沈阳 110015
• 出 处: 应用生态学报
• 发表日期: 1991年03期
• 关键词: 施肥法 施肥技术 肥利用率 氮肥利用率 犁沟 生态效益 氨挥发 稻谷 混施 田面

田间试验结果表明,在有水层下把氮肥撒施在土表的“习惯施肥法”易引起氨挥发和硝化-反硝化的N素损失,基肥“全层混施”或“犁沟深施”、追肥“以水带N”的“改进施肥法”可以避免“习惯施肥法”的上述缺点,提高N肥利用率20—30％,提高N肥增产效率25％左右。该施肥法可减少大气和水体环境的污染,且有益于人类社会和增加土壤N素肥力,是一项提高N素生态效益的施肥技术。

The results of field experiments showed that the “conventional fertilization method” in which nitrogen fertilizer was applied to the soil surface under aquifer could easily cause N loss from ammonia volatilization and nitrification-denitrification. The “full-scale mixing” of basal fertilizer or deep furrow application “Top-dressing” to improve the fertilization method with water N “can avoid the above shortcomings of” customary fertilization method ", increase N fertilizer use efficiency by 20-30% and increase N fertilizer production efficiency by about 25%. The fertilization method can reduce the pollution of the atmosphere and the water environment, and is beneficial to human society and increase N fertility of soil, which is a fertilization technology for improving the ecological benefit of N prime.