论文部分内容阅读
江汉平原小麦生长期易受渍害导致减产。在系统分析1983~2012年江汉平原腹地荆州市小麦生育期降水分布特点的基础上,于2011~2012年度及2012~2013年度,以郑麦9023为试验材料,通过田间试验与盆栽试验相结合的方法,分别在拔节期及孕穗期进行渍水处理,探讨其对株高、旗叶光合速率、叶片黄化进程的影响及其与干物质积累量和籽粒产量的关系。结果表明:江汉平原1983~2013年小麦拔节期至孕穗期1/3以上年份同期降水量在80.2mm以上,极限降雨量达194.4mm,即较多年份有渍害风险;进一步研究表明拔节期渍水和孕穗期渍水均导致旗叶光合速率降低,叶片黄化进程加快,其中孕穗期渍水对以上指标的影响大于拔节期;拔节期渍水和孕穗期渍水均导致株高降低、干物质积累量降低,最终籽粒产量显著降低,其中拔节期渍水处理成熟期籽粒产量比对照降低16.3%,孕穗期渍水处理籽粒产量比对照降低21.8%。在本试验条件下,拔节期渍水处理和孕穗期渍水处理均导致小麦植株各种光合指标降低,最终干物质积累量和籽粒产量均显著降低,且孕穗期渍水处理对产量等的影响大于拔节期渍水处理。
Jianghan Plain wheat vulnerable to damage during growth lead to reduced production. Based on the systematic analysis of the precipitation distribution characteristics of wheat during the growth period of Jingzhou in the hinterland of Jianghan Plain from 1983 to 2012 and the data of Zhengmai 9023 from 2011 to 2012 and 2012 to 2013, Methods The waterlogging treatment was carried out at the jointing and booting stages respectively to investigate the effects on the plant height, the flag leaf photosynthetic rate and the leaf etiolation process and its relationship with the dry matter accumulation and the grain yield. The results showed that the precipitation in the Jianghan Plain during the period from jointing to booting stage more than one third of the year from 1983 to 2013 was more than 80.2mm and the ultimate rainfall was 194.4mm, that is, the risk of waterlogging was higher in many years. Further studies showed that jointing stage Waterlogging and booting waterlogging all reduced the flag leaf photosynthetic rate and the leaf yellowing process, and the booting waterlogging affected the above indexes more than the jointing stage; the jointing waterlogging and booting waterlogging all caused the plant height to decrease, The grain yield decreased at the jointing stage and the grain yield at the booting stage decreased by 16.3% and 21.8% respectively compared with the control. Under the test conditions, waterlogging at jointing stage and waterlogging at booting stage led to the decrease of photosynthetic indexes, the final dry matter accumulation and grain yield of wheat plants, and the influence of waterlogging at booting stage on yield Greater than the jointing waterlogging.