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光山县地处北纬31°37′6″至32°11′40″,东经114°31′50″至115°10′45″之间,位于大别山北麓,淮河以南。年均降雨量(1955～1985年)为1049.1mm,由于季风和地形地势的影响,降水时空分布不均,常出现旱涝灾害。据1951～1985年资料统计,共发生严重旱灾5次(1953、1959、1966、1976、1978年),其频率为14.3％,平均7年一遇。不同季节干旱共出现23次,平均3年二遇,以伏旱最重。35年共出现严重涝灾4次,平均8～10年一遇,不同季节涝灾共出现22次。
Guangshan County is located between 31 ° 37’6 “north and 32 ° 11’40” north and longitude 114 ° 31’50 “to 115 ° 10’45” east, and is located in the northern foot of the Dabie Mountains and south of the Huaihe River. The average annual rainfall (1955 ~ 1985) is 1049.1mm. Due to the influence of monsoon and topography, the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation is uneven, and frequent droughts and floods occur. According to statistics from 1951 to 1985, a total of five serious drought occurred (1953, 1959, 1966, 1976, 1978), with a frequency of 14.3%, an average of once every seven years. Drought in different seasons occurred a total of 23 times, with an average of two cases in three years, with the most severe drought. In 35 years, a total of 4 serious floods occurred, with an average of 8 to 10 years, with a total of 22 floods and seasons in different seasons.