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一、问题的提出土壤渗透性能是土壤重要的物理特性之一。它与天然降水和灌溉水进入土壤以及在土壤中的贮存情况有关。为解决土壤改良和水土保持实际任务的需要,世界各国科学工作者十分重视这一课题的研究。1856年,达西首先确定了水在多孔介质中的运动定律。随后考斯加柯夫、霍顿等人各自根据自己的试验,提出著名的经验公式来描述土壤入渗性能和土壤入渗累积值对时间的依赖关系。近年,菲利普等人又从土水势的观点,以物理学为基础提出各种各样的物理模型和数学模型。但是,这些实验研究均是在下垫面为水平的情况下进行的,对于下垫面在非水平的坡面情况下的入渗规律至今研究甚少。
First, the issue put forward Soil permeability is one of the important physical characteristics of the soil. It relates to natural precipitation and irrigation water entering the soil and its storage in the soil. To solve the practical needs of soil improvement and soil and water conservation, scientists from all over the world attach great importance to the research of this subject. In 1856, Darcy first identified the law of motion of water in porous media. Then Korskogov, Horton and others according to their own experiments, put forward the famous empirical formula to describe the soil infiltration properties and soil infiltration cumulative value of the time-dependent relationship. In recent years, Phillip et al. Proposed a variety of physical and mathematical models based on physics from the perspective of soil-water potentials. However, these experimental studies are carried out under the condition that the underlying surface is horizontal, and there is little research on the law of infiltration of the underlying surface under the non-horizontal slope.