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目的调查西藏牧区居民膳食碘和其他与碘缺乏病相关的营养素摄入量,评价人群碘营养状况。方法在研究点当雄县牧区和对照点曲水县农区各抽取30户家庭,采用24 h回顾法对成年男子、育龄妇女及8~10岁儿童进行连续3天的膳食调查,采集家庭饮用水、食用盐、主要食物样品检测碘含量,计算每日碘摄入量和蛋白质、维生素等营养素摄入量。结果西藏牧区和对照农区每人每日饮水碘摄入量的中位数分别为2.5μg、2.1μg,经检验无统计学显著差异;牧区人均每日膳食碘摄入量高于农区(Z=-8.242,P<0.001),但低于推荐摄入量;牧区人群膳食中,除碳水化合物外,其他营养素的摄入均高于农区人群,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论外环境缺碘的西藏牧区人群膳食碘摄入量不足,但蛋白质、热量、维生素A、铁和硒等营养素供给相对充足,膳食营养因素是牧区碘缺乏病患病率低的一个重要原因。
Objective To investigate the dietary iodine and other iodine deficiency-related nutrient intake of Tibet’s pastoral inhabitants and evaluate the iodine nutrition status of the population. Methods Thirty families were sampled from the pastoral areas of the Dangxiong County and the agricultural areas of Qushui County in the control point. Adult males, women of childbearing age and children aged 8-10 years were investigated by 24 h retrospective diet for 3 days. Water, edible salt, the main food samples detected iodine content, calculated daily intake of iodine and protein, vitamins and other nutrients intake. Results The median daily iodine intake of drinking water per person per day in pastoral areas and control areas of Tibet was 2.5μg and 2.1μg, respectively. There was no significant difference in the test of iodine intake among pastoral areas and rural areas Z = -8.242, P <0.001), but lower than the recommended intake. In addition to carbohydrates, the intake of other nutrients in the pastoral areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas (P <0.001) ). CONCLUSION: Iodine intake in the pastoral areas lacking iodine in external environment is insufficient, but nutrient supply such as protein, caloric, vitamin A, iron and selenium is relatively adequate. Meal nutrition is an important reason for the low prevalence of iodine deficiency deficiency in pastoral areas.