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目的调查影响边远贫困农牧区新生儿乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗首针(HepB1)及时接种的主要因素,探索提高新生儿HepB1及时接种率的有效手段和模式。方法在黄南藏族自治州开展基线调查,制定针对性策略并实施。包括开展多途径、多渠道的健康教育及宣传活动;加强对医院相关人员的培训,确保在医院出生新生儿得到及时接种;加强疾病预防控制机构与妇幼保健机构、村医与接生员之间的沟通与合作,做好孕妇产前登记和随访工作,确保在家出生新生儿得到及时接种;加强督导和技术支持,定期监测、分析相关指标,不断完善相关策略。结果项目实施前、后全州HepB1及时接种率由2004年的42.61%上升到2005年的75.02%。结论通过项目的实施,显著提高了农牧区新生儿HepB1及时接种率。
Objective To investigate the main factors influencing timely inoculation of HepB1 in newborn infants and young children in remote and impoverished farming and pasturing areas, and to explore effective means and models to improve timely vaccination rate of newborn HepB1. Methods Conduct a baseline survey in Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture to formulate targeted strategies and implement them. Including carrying out multi-channel and multi-channel health education and publicity campaigns; strengthening the training of hospital-related personnel to ensure prompt vaccination of newborns born in hospitals; strengthening the coordination between CDC and MCH institutions, village doctors and midwives Communication and cooperation, do a good job prenatal registration and follow-up of pregnant women, to ensure timely birth of newborns at home vaccination; strengthen supervision and technical support, regular monitoring and analysis of related indicators, and constantly improve the relevant strategies. Results Before and after the project was implemented, the statewide HepB1 timely immunization rate increased from 42.61% in 2004 to 75.02% in 2005. Conclusion Through the implementation of the project, the timely vaccination rate of newborns HepB1 in farming and pastoral areas was significantly increased.