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目的:观察人胚胎三叉神经形态结构及其运动纤维在三叉神经节、下颌神经内的位置分布。方法:利用人胚胎标本(非疾病引产胎儿,胎龄为20周以上)的三叉神经及分支,通过HE染色、光镜及计算机图像处理等方法对三叉神经的形态学,尤其对三叉神经运动纤维在三叉神经节和下颌神经内的定位进行探讨,为三叉神经痛的临床治疗提供形态学依据。结果:(1)人类20周以上的胚胎能清楚的观察到三叉神经节、根及分支。神经节位于双层硬脑膜之间,外被覆结缔组织膜。(2)二维立体图像显示三叉神经运动纤维集中通过三叉神经根的内侧、神经节下1/3,从根到下颌神经是一个连续的结构,并入下颌神经的内下方。结论:三叉神经运动根从脑桥基底部与小脑中脚移行处出脑后行于感觉根的内侧,神经节的下1/3,并入下颌神经,并行于其内下方。
OBJECTIVE: To observe the morphological structure of human trigeminal nerve and the distribution of its motility fibers in the trigeminal ganglia and mandibular nerve. Methods: Trigeminal nerves and branches of human fetus fetus (fetus with non-disease induced abortion) with a gestational age of 20 weeks or more were used to study the morphology of the trigeminal nerve, especially the movement of the trigeminal nerve fibers by HE staining, light microscopy and computer image processing In the trigeminal ganglia and mandibular nerve positioning to explore the clinical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia provide a morphological basis. Results: (1) Trigeminal ganglion, root and branch were clearly observed in human embryos more than 20 weeks. Ganglion is located between the double dura mater, coated with connective tissue. (2) Two-dimensional stereoscopic images show that the trigeminal motor fibers are concentrated through the medial side of the trigeminal nerve root, the lower 1/3 of the ganglia, and the root to the jaw nerve are a continuous structure that merges into the lower part of the mandibular nerve. CONCLUSION: The trigeminal motor root moves from the base of the pons and the middle of the cerebellum to the medial side of the sensory root. The lower third of the ganglion is merged with the mandibular nerve, parallel to the lower part of the medial base.