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句子的主语是谓语所陈述的对象,谓语是对主语加以陈述的。状语是谓语的修饰成分,方位词或词组(包括时间词)作状语是表明谓语动作行为的时间或处所的。这样,我们便可以作出论断:句首方位词或词组倘是谓语陈述的对象,则是主语;倘是谓语的修饰成分,则是状语。在主动句里,主语是施事者,谓语所表示的动作行为是主语所发出的,后面带有受事宾语,在这类句子里,谓语前面的方位词或词组自然是状语,如:
The subject of a sentence is the object that the predicate states, and the predicate states the subject. Adverbials are modifiers of predicates, and positional words or phrases (including time words) are adverbials that indicate the time or place of predicate action. In this way, we can make a statement: if the prepositional phrase or phrase is the object of the predicate statement, it is the subject; if it is the modified component of the predicate, it is the adverbial. In the active sentence, the subject is the agent, and the action behavior expressed by the predicate is given by the subject, followed by the subject of the object. In such sentences, the positional word or phrase preceding the predicate is naturally an adverbial, such as: