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目的分析天津市麻疹家庭感染病例流行特征和家庭传播模式。方法利用麻疹监测信息报告管理系统监测麻疹家庭聚集性病例,开展标本检测和家庭感染状况调查。结果 2014年天津市共报告麻疹家庭聚集性疫情33起,涉及病例69例,占病例总数的2.51%。其中家庭获得性疫情19起,病例39例,占家庭聚集性病例数的56.52%。家庭获得性疫情中,由≥20岁成人引入的传播14起(73.68%),<7岁儿童引入的传播5起(26.32%)。在家庭感染中,婴儿罹患率100%,9月龄~19岁组罹患率最低(14.29%);有明确含麻疹成分疫苗(MCV)免疫史者罹患率为0。麻疹家庭聚集性病例和单个散发病例之间麻疹临床症状和住院率无差别。结论成人麻疹病例是导致家庭内感染和婴儿发病的重要原因,推荐开展成人MCV免疫。
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and family transmission patterns of measles cases in Tianjin. Methods The measles monitoring information report management system was used to monitor the cases of measles family aggregation and to carry out the investigation of specimens and the investigation of the status of domestic infection. Results In 2014, Tianjin reported a total of 33 cases of measles family aggregation, involving 69 cases, accounting for 2.51% of the total cases. Among them, 19 were family-acquired epidemic cases, 39 cases, accounting for 56.52% of the total cases of family aggregation. In the family-acquired epidemic, 14 cases (73.68%) were introduced by adults aged 20 years or older and 5 cases (26.32%) were introduced by children <7 years of age. Among family infections, the attack rate was 100% for infants and 14.29% for those from 9 months to 19 years of age. The rate of attack with a history of measles vaccination (MCV) was 0. There was no difference in the clinical symptoms and hospitalization rates of measles between cases of measles family aggregation and single cases of eruptions. Conclusion Adult measles cases are the major cause of domestic infections and infant morbidity. Adult MCV immunization is recommended.