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支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia,BPD)是引起小早产儿(极低出生体重儿、超低出生体重儿)死亡原因之一。近年来,随着新生儿重症监护医学的高速发展,早产儿机械通气理念逐渐完善,肺表面活性物质的应用,早产儿的病死率逐渐下降,但BPD发生率却有所增多且日渐受到重视。BPD发病机制主要是在肺发育不成熟的基础上,长期暴露于高氧环境下可引起肺损伤,再加上产前、产后的感染可引起促炎、抗炎因子的释放,以及损伤后血管化失调和肺组织异常修复。在治疗上无固定、完美的策略,目前常规治疗方法包括保护婴儿避免感染、适当的通气策略、液体控制、早期足够的营养;药物治疗主要为利尿剂、支气管扩张剂、皮质激素、外源性肺表面活性物质等,但效果仍值得探讨。
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the causes of death in preterm infants (very low birth weight infants and very low birth weight infants). In recent years, with the rapid development of neonatal intensive care medicine, the concept of mechanical ventilation in premature infants has been gradually improved. The mortality of premature infants has been gradually decreased with the application of pulmonary surfactant. However, the incidence of BPD has been increasing and being paid more and more attention. BPD pathogenesis is mainly based on immature lung development, long-term exposure to high oxygen environment can cause lung injury, coupled with prenatal and postnatal infections can cause the release of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, as well as post-injury blood vessels Disorders and abnormal lung tissue repair. In the treatment of no fixed and perfect strategy, the current routine treatment methods to protect the baby to avoid infection, appropriate ventilation strategies, fluid control, adequate early nutrition; drug therapy mainly diuretics, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, exogenous Lung surfactant, etc., but the effect is still worth exploring.