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目的了解镇江市5岁以下腹泻住院儿童病毒性腹泻感染状况,为制定儿童病毒性腹泻的预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法收集2007年10月～2008年9月镇江城区和农村5岁以下腹泻住院儿童的粪便标本517份,进行轮状病毒(rotavirus,RV)、杯状病毒(humancali civirus,HuCV)、腺病毒(adenovirus,AdeV)及星状病毒(astrovirus,AstV)病原检测,得到4种病原的阳性率、三间分布和RV的毒株分型情况。结果 517份合格粪便标本,总体阳性率为38.68%,城区儿童病毒性腹泻阳性率明显高于农村地区(P<0.05)。4种病原阳性率从高到低依次排序:RV为21.47%、AstV为16.83%、HuCV为8.12%、AdeV为1.35%、混合感染22.5%,以RV混合其他病毒感染为主,占82.22%(37/45)。城区与农村的病原谱不一致,城区AstV和混合感染阳性率明显高于农村地区,而农村地区的RV、AdeV阳性率高于城区,HuCV阳性率两地区无明显差异。4种肠道病毒阳性率最高的月份依次为11月、10月、12月、1月,高峰期阳性率为69.50%。13～24月龄患儿病毒性腹泻阳性率较其他年龄组高。结论镇江市城区病毒性腹泻的阳性率较农村地区高,两地区的病原谱不一致。秋冬季节是镇江市病毒性腹泻的高发季节,其病原以轮状病毒为主。
Objective To understand the prevalence of viral diarrhea in children hospitalized with diarrhea under 5 years old in Zhenjiang City and provide a scientific basis for the development of prevention and control strategies for viral diarrhea in children. Methods A total of 517 stool specimens from hospitalized children with diarrhea under 5 years of age in urban and rural areas of Zhenjiang from October 2007 to September 2008 were collected. The rotavirus (RV), calicivirus (HuCV), adenovirus adenovirus, AdeV) and astrovirus (AstV) pathogen detection, the positive rate of four kinds of pathogens, three distributions and strains of RV strains were obtained. Results The total positive rate of 517 qualified stool specimens was 38.68%. The positive rate of viral diarrhea in urban children was significantly higher than that in rural areas (P <0.05). The positive rates of four pathogens were ranked from high to low: RV was 21.47%, Astv was 16.83%, HuCV was 8.12%, AdeV was 1.35%, mixed infection was 22.5%, and RV was mixed with other viruses, accounting for 82.22% 37/45). The prevalence of AstV and mixed infection in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas. However, the prevalence of RV and AdeV in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas, and there was no significant difference in the positive rates of HuCV between the two areas. The positive rates of the four kinds of enterovirus were the highest in November, October, December and January, the peak positive rate was 69.50%. 13 to 24 months old children with viral diarrhea positive rate higher than other age groups. Conclusions The positive rate of viral diarrhea in urban area of Zhenjiang City is higher than that in rural areas, and the pathogenic spectrum of the two areas is inconsistent. Autumn and winter are the high incidence of viral diarrhea in Zhenjiang City, the main source of rotavirus.