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目的了解某蓄电池厂周边儿童血铅水平,为制定儿童铅中毒防治策略提供科学依据。方法抽取蓄电池厂周边186名14岁以下儿童为调查对象,按拟定的调查表调查儿童的基本情况。采集儿童静脉血,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血铅,分析儿童血铅水平及血铅超标率,比较不同性别、年龄、生活习惯和居住环境的儿童血铅水平。结果被调查186名儿童血铅值中位数为20μg/L(P25:20μg/L,P75:50μg/L),11名儿童血铅≥100μg/L,血铅超标率5.91%。男童血铅平均水平和血铅超标率较高,与女童比较,差异有统计学意义(Z血铅=1.956,P<0.05;χ2超标率=3.845,P<0.05);家庭成员从事高铅作业的儿童血铅水平和血铅超标率显著高于没有家庭成员从事高铅作业的儿童,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同年龄组和居住环境对儿童血铅水平和血铅超标率的影响均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论环境干预和健康教育可最大程度地预防和降低铅对儿童的危害。
Objective To understand the level of blood lead in children around a battery factory to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of children lead poisoning. Methods A total of 186 children under 14 years of age in the vicinity of the battery factory were selected as the survey subjects, and the basic situation of children was investigated according to the prepared questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from children and blood lead levels were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Blood lead levels and blood lead levels were also analyzed. Blood lead levels were compared among children of different genders, ages, living habits and living environment. Results The median blood lead level of 186 children investigated was 20μg / L (P25: 20μg / L, P75: 50μg / L). Eleven children had a blood lead level ≥100μg / L and a blood lead exceeding standard rate of 5.91%. The average level of blood lead and the excess blood lead in boys were higher than those in girls (Z blood lead = 1.956, P <0.05; χ2 exceeded rate = 3.845, P <0.05) The levels of blood lead and blood lead exceeding standard in working children were significantly higher than those in children without high-lead in family members (P <0.01). There was no significant difference between children of different age groups and living environment on blood lead level and blood lead excess rate (P> 0.05). Conclusion Environmental intervention and health education can prevent and reduce the harm of lead to children to the greatest extent.