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采用差热分析、差示扫描量热、绝热加速量热等热分析技术研究了四种典型安定剂（二苯胺、N，N′‑二甲基‑N，N′‑二苯脲、3‑甲基‑1，1‑二苯基脲和N‑甲基‑4‑硝基苯胺）对硝化棉热分解行为的影响，获得了不同情况下硝化棉试样的热分解参数。非等温量热法计算结果表明，添加四种典型安定剂后硝化棉的热爆炸临界温度分别提高了0.06，0.82，1.00和1.56 K；绝热加速量热实验显示，安定剂对硝化棉绝热分解初期的温升速率和初始压力影响有限，但使硝化棉的最高温升速率分别降低了0.39，0.64，0.70和0.65 K·min-1；通过中断回扫实验探究了热历史对硝化棉试样热分解行为的影响。结果表明，四种安定剂热安定性效果明显，虽然硝化棉热分解初期受安定剂的影响较小，但随着热分解反应的进行，硝化棉热分解产物引起的剧烈自催化分解可以通过与安定剂进行快速反应而得到缓解，并降低热历史对硝化棉热分解反应的影响。对比可知，N‑甲基‑4‑硝基苯胺对硝化棉自催化分解的抑制作用最为明显。“,”The effects of four typical stabilizers （DPA， C2， AKⅡ， MNA） on the thermal decomposition behavior of nitrocellulose， the thermal decomposition parameters of nitrocellulose samples under different conditions are obtained by DTA， DSC and ARC. The results of non‑isothermal calorimetry show that the critical temperature of thermal explosion of nitrocellulose increases by 0.06， 0.82， 1.00 and 1.56 K， respectively， after adding four typical stabilizers. The adiabatic thermal test show that the stabilizers have limited effect on the initial temperature rise rate and pressure of nitrocellulose at the initial stage， but reduces the maximum temperature rise rate of nitrocellulose by 0.39， 0.64， 0.70 and 0.65 K·min-1. The effects of thermal history on the thermal decomposition of nitrocellulose samples are investigated by DSC interruption and re‑scanning method. The results show that four typical stabilizers have good thermal stability. Although the initial thermal decomposition of nitrocellulose is less affected by stabilizers， but with the progress of thermal decomposition reaction， the severe autocatalytic decomposition caused by nitrocellulose thermal decomposition products could be alleviated by rapid reaction with stabilizers， and the influence of thermal history on the thermal decomposition of nitrocellulose could be reduced. N‑methyl‑4‑nitroaniline has the most obvious inhibition effect on the autocatalytic decomposition of nitrocellulose.