论文部分内容阅读
陆侃如、冯沅君在研究唐代诗人王维时,有个发现,就是王维在诗中“最爱用‘静’字”。陆、冯二位先生认为这个“静”字是“开发王维的诗的钥匙”。我想,这把钥匙最能开发的,是王维的心态。譬如,由王维的“晚年惟好静,万事不关心”一类言及“静”字的诗,可以窥见王维淡然温然、闲适安恬、喜好静穆的心态。由诗文家喜用某字而窥见其心,可说是读书知人的一个妙法。前辈学人偶用此法,即有重要发现;但尚未作为一种方法总结过。我姑名之为“因字见心法”,并试举前辈学人用此法的几个例子,以彰明此法。社会学家潘光旦在读古代女子作品时,发现她们极爱用表现消极情绪的字眼,便对一部收录清代女词人作品的《销魂词》做了个统计,结果有了惊人的发现:
When Luk Kanru and Feng Yuanjun studied Wang Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, he found that Wang Wei was the “favorite” character in his poems. Lu, Feng two gentlemen think this “static” word is “the key to the development of Wang Wei’s poem.” I think this key is the most developed, is the mentality of Wang Wei. For example, by Wang Wei’s “Still Life in Still Life, Things Do Not Care”, a verse of “static” words can be used to see Wang Wei’s attitude of indifference, peace and tranquility, like static and quiet. By poetry and writers like to use a word glimpse of the heart, can be said that reading is a wonderful way to know people. The older generation puppets use this method, that is, important discoveries; but they have not been summed up as a method. My name is “a word due to the heart,” and cite seniors learn to use this method a few examples to demonstrate this method. Sociologist Pan Guangdan, who studied ancient women’s works, found that they love to express negative emotions in the words of a Qing Dynasty female poet works included “ecstasy words” made a statistic, the result has been astonishing discovery: