论文部分内容阅读
一、主观正当化要素的概念界定正当化要素(Rechtfertigungselemente)是大陆刑法体系中的概念,这一特定的用语一般是在三阶层的犯罪论体系的违法性论中进行探讨。当然,对应于这一概念,不同的犯罪构成体系中都有相似的内容。例如,中国传统刑法学[1]中排除社会危害性的概念[2],英美刑法中的抗辩事由。[3]而主观正当化要素(subjektive Rechffertigungselemente)则被认为是正当化要素必备的一个方面。例如,罗克辛教授在主观正当化因素(subjektive Rechffertigungselemente)一节中指出:“对于正当化来说,原则上有这一点就足够了:行为人在客观上是在被正当化的范围内,但是在主观上是对正当化状况的认识中行为的。因此,行为人就具有了要做某种客观上合法的事情的故意。这种产生某种合法事情的意识,就清除了行为无价值及与之有关之不法。”[4]耶塞克教授的教科书中也指出,为使构成要件该当的行为合法化,仅仅存在相关合法化事由的客观条件是不够的。行为人必须认识
First, the concept of subjective legitimacy of the elements of defining elements of legitimacy (Rechtfertigungselemente) is the concept of the mainland criminal law system, this particular term is generally in the three levels of criminal theory of the theory of the law to explore. Of course, corresponding to this concept, different criminal constitutional systems have similar contents. For example, the concept of excluding social harm in Chinese traditional criminal law [1] [2], the defenses in the Anglo-American criminal law. [3] Subjektive Rechffertigungselemente, on the other hand, is considered as an essential aspect of the element of justification. For example, Professor Roxanne points out in the section on subjektive Rechffertigungselemente: “It is enough to justify that in principle it is enough that the perpetrator is objectively justified , But subjectively acts in the knowledge of the status of justification, so the perpetrator has the intention of doing something that is objectively lawful, and this awareness of something legitimate removes the act of no action Value and law related to it. ”[4] Professor Yasek’s textbook also pointed out that in order to legitimize the deserving behavior of the constituent elements, it is not enough merely to have the objective conditions of the relevant legalization. Behaviors must know