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欧洲各国的铁路现代化,一般是实现城市间运输的高速化和提高旅客服务质量。在速度方面,第一阶段是将现有的140～160公里/小时的区段维持在160公里/小时。第二阶段是通过对线路和车辆的改造,使现有的线路达到200公里/小时,而第三阶段是新建与日本新干线同样规格的线路,运行速度达到250～300公里/小时。在提高旅客服务质量方面,各国都在研制新型的机车动车。在法国,既有长
The modernization of railroads in various European countries is generally aimed at increasing the speed of inter-city transportation and improving the quality of passenger services. In terms of speed, the first phase is to maintain the existing segment of 140-160 km / h at 160 km / h. In the second stage, the line and vehicle will be rebuilt so that the existing line will reach 200 km / h. The third stage is the construction of a new line of the same specifications as that of the Shinkansen in Japan with an operating speed of 250-300 km / h. In improving passenger service quality, all countries are developing a new type of locomotive. In France, both long