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[目的]掌握上海市居民脂肪摄入水平及食物来源,并探索脂肪提供能量比例的影响因素,为营养政策及策略制定提供科学依据。[方法]采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,根据街道/乡镇非农人口比例将人群分为中心城区、城郊结合地区和远郊地区,在上海市所有15周岁及以上人群中抽取代表性人群样本1 944人。于2012年5—6月开展调查。采用询问调查方法收集调查对象基本情况,采用膳食调查方法收集调查对象3 d内每天24 h的膳食摄入及3 d内调味品摄入情况。[结果]上海市居民平均能量摄入量为2 169.6 kcal,脂肪摄入量为87.0 g,脂肪供能比例为36.6%;4.8%的上海市居民脂肪供能比不足,22.0%合理,73.2%过剩。脂肪摄入来源于调味品油的占43.9%,来源于畜肉的占25.1%,来源于禽肉的占4.1%。远郊地区居民脂肪来源于调味品油的构成比在3类地区中最高(P<0.05)。多因素分析提示年龄、受教育年限可能是上海市居民脂肪供能比的影响因素(P<0.05)。[结论]上海市3类地区居民均存在高脂肪膳食的问题,城市中心及城郊结合地区居民脂肪摄入倾向于动物性食物来源,远郊地区居民倾向于调味品油来源。
[Objective] To master the fat intake and food sources of Shanghai residents and to explore the influencing factors of the proportion of energy supplied by fat, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating nutritional policies and strategies. [Methods] A multistage stratified random sampling method was used to divide the population into central urban area, suburban and suburban areas according to the ratio of street / township non-agricultural population, and to select representative population samples from all 15-year-olds and above in Shanghai 944 people. In May-June 2012 to carry out investigations. The questionnaire method was used to collect the basic information of the surveyed subjects. The dietary survey method was used to collect the dietary intake of the investigated subjects within 24 hours and the intake of condiments within 3 days within 3 days. [Results] The average energy intake of residents in Shanghai was 2 169.6 kcal, the intake of fat was 87.0 g, and the ratio of fat supply was 36.6%. 4.8% of Shanghai residents had inadequate energy supply, 22.0% of them were reasonable, 73.2% excess. Fats intake accounted for 43.9% of the condiment oil, 25.1% from meat and 4.1% from poultry. The compositional proportions of fat in the suburbs from condiment oil were the highest among the three regions (P <0.05). Multivariate analysis suggested that age and years of education may be the influencing factors of fat to energy ratio in Shanghai residents (P <0.05). [Conclusion] The residents of three kinds of districts in Shanghai all had the problem of high-fat diet. The fat intake of residents in urban centers and suburban areas tended to be the source of animal foods, and the residents in outer suburbs preferred the source of condiment oil.