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目的了解河南省许昌县农村饮水安全工程水质卫生状况,为预防控制水性疾病和水污染、为农村饮水安全工程卫生监督管理提供科学依据。方法按照《河南省农村饮水安全工程水质卫生监测技术方案》对许昌县农村饮水安全项目工程水质进行卫生监测,枯水期和丰水期各进行1次,每次采集出厂水和末梢水各1份,共监测了83个农村饮水工程水样428份。结果枯水期和丰水期总合格率分别为72.9%和51.9%,枯水期高于丰水期,差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.64,P<0.05);枯水期出厂水合格率高于末梢水,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.02,P>0.05),丰水期出厂水合格率高于末梢水,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.67,P>0.05);19项监测指标中,氯化物、总硬度、硝酸盐氮、氟化物、菌落总数、总大肠菌群及耐热大肠菌群等7项超出国家限值,不合格项目中,总大肠菌群不合格率最高(23.1%),其次为耐热大肠菌群(20.1%)和菌落总数(18.5%),微生物学指标不合格率为36.7%,丰水期高于枯水期,差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.05,P<0.05);枯水期出厂水和末梢水不合格率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.05,P>0.05),丰水期末梢水不合格率高于出厂水,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.93,P>0.05)。结论许昌县农村饮水安全工程水质合格率较低,微生物学指标超标比例高,农村居民饮水卫生状况不容乐观,农村饮用水安全存在一定的隐患,需要进一步加强管理。
Objective To understand the water quality and sanitation status of rural drinking water safety project in Xuchang County, Henan Province, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of waterborne diseases and water pollution and health supervision and management of rural drinking water safety project. Methods The water quality of rural drinking water safety project in Xuchang County was monitored according to “Technical Scheme of Sanitary Safety Monitoring of Rural Drinking Water Safety Project in Henan Province”, one for dry season and one wet season, A total of 428 water samples from 83 rural drinking water projects were monitored. Results The total pass rates in dry season and wet season were 72.9% and 51.9%, respectively. The dry season was higher than wet season, with significant difference (χ2 = 22.64, P <0.05) There was no significant difference (χ2 = 0.67, P> 0.05). Among the 19 monitoring indicators, the qualified rate of chloride, Total hardness, nitrate nitrogen, fluoride, the total number of colonies, total coliform bacteria and heat-resistant coliform bacteria and other seven exceeded the national limits, the unqualified project, the total coliform failure rate was the highest (23.1%), followed by (20.1%) and the total number of colonies (18.5%). The unqualified rate of microbiological index was 36.7%. The wet season was higher than that of dry season, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 22.05, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the unqualified rate between the ex-factory water and the extremity in the dry season (χ2 = 0.05, P> 0.05). The unqualified rate of water in the wet period was higher than that in the factory water (χ2 = 0.93, P> 0.05 ). Conclusion The qualified rate of water quality of rural drinking water safety project in Xuchang is low, the proportion of excessive microbiological indicators is high, the health status of drinking water in rural residents is not optimistic, and the safety of drinking water in rural areas has some hidden dangers and needs to be further strengthened.