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目的:检测并探讨双眼高度近视眼患者的视功能,比较不同年龄组的视功能。方法:常规检查患者的视力、眼前节、眼压和散瞳眼底;辅助眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)和光相干断层扫描(OCT)、眼部A/B型超声测量眼轴。视功能检查包括主觉验光获得最佳矫正视力;采用美国FACT对比敏感度测量卡分别检测两眼低、中、高各频区的对比度值;采用Amsler卡检查患者的中心视野;采用《色觉检查图》检查患眼的辨色情况;采用InamiL-2510型同视机检查患者的周边融合和中心融合功能;采用Titmus立体视觉检查图检查患者的近立体视功能。结果:58例患者116只眼的平均最佳矫正视力为0.63±0.34,其中60岁以上老年人平均视力较其他年龄组显著低下;本组患者的平均对比敏感度值低于正常范围,且老年组患者的对比度值较其他年龄组下降有显著性;Amsler卡检查发现24只眼(20.69%)有中心暗点和视物变形;18只眼(15.52%)色觉异常;双眼视功能检查本组患者分别有12例(20.69%)和10例(15.52%)患者中心融合功能和周边融合功能缺失,各年龄组间差异无显著性;19例患者立体视异常或缺失,其中老年组的比率显著高于其他年龄组。结论:高度近视眼不仅可以损害视力、色觉、对比敏感度等单眼视功能,还可损害双眼视功能。并且随年龄增长视功能损害的比率和程度均逐渐增加。
Objective: To detect and explore the visual function of patients with high myopia in both eyes and to compare visual function in different age groups. Methods: The visual acuity, anterior segment, intraocular pressure and mydriatic fundus of the patients were routinely checked. FFA and OCT were measured by the fundus and ocular axis was measured by A / B ultrasound. Visual function test including the best optometry to obtain the best corrected visual acuity; using the United States FACT contrast sensitivity measurement card were detected in the low, middle and high frequency of the two regions of the contrast ratio; using Amsler card check the patient’s central field of vision; Figure Check the color of the affected eyes; using InamiL-2510-type with the same machine to check the patient’s peripheral fusion and central fusion; the use of Titmus stereopsis check the patient’s near-stereo vision function. Results: The average best corrected visual acuity of 116 eyes of 58 patients was 0.63 ± 0.34, in which the average visual acuity of the elderly over 60 years old was significantly lower than that of other age groups. The average contrast sensitivity of this group of patients was lower than the normal range, The contrast value of the group of patients was significantly lower than that of other age groups; 24 eyes (20.69%) had central dark spots and visual distortion in 24 eyes (15.52%) with Amsler card examination; There were 12 patients (20.69%) and 10 patients (15.52%) with central fusion function and peripheral fusion loss, respectively. There was no significant difference among all age groups. The abnormalities of stereopsis in 19 patients were abnormal Higher than other age groups. Conclusion: High myopia can not only impair vision, color vision, contrast sensitivity and other monocular visual function, but also damage binocular vision. And with age, the rate and extent of visual impairment are gradually increased.