论文部分内容阅读
从1957年以来的八倍体小黑麦育种工作的主要结果总结如下: 1.可杂交基因的应用 小麦和黑麦之间的可杂交遗传分析表明s,s~S,s~A,s~N和s~Q是属于一个基因座的复等位基因。根据可杂交的程度,这些基因可以排成如下的次序,即s>s~S>s~A>s~N>s~Q。根据显性的程度,则其次序就要倒过来成为:s~Q>S~N>s~S>s~A>s。这个发现已被适当地应用于小麦与黑麦的日常杂交工作中。 2.染色体数加倍 小麦-黑麦杂种分蘖苗于处理前在基部用刀片切一浅伤口,而后浸在0.04—0.05％的秋水仙精溶液中4天,室温保持在15℃以下。在10℃以下的温室中,90％以上的处理苗能恢复生长。恢复苗中约有40.8％的F_1不育杂种植株能转变成部分可育的,并以这些成功株上将获得数目不等的种子。用这个方法,曾经制造了4,700个小黑麦原始品系。在1961年,发现了一个新的多倍体诱变剂。药品的名字是富民隆,或称对甲苯磺硫苯胺基苯汞,它是一个杀菌剂,加倍染色体数的效果和秋水仙精一样。 3.结实率和种子饱满度 通过杂交的基因重组和加重分离世代的选择压力是改进八倍体小黑麦的结实率和种子饱满度的有效方法。从小黑麦原始品系中选用各种亲本大约已经做了两千个杂交组合,近年来更多的是用杂种选系和分离世代中好的植株来进行杂交。由此而选育出来的,结实率正常,
The main results of the octoploid tritium breeding work since 1957 are summarized as follows: 1. The application of the hybridizable gene The crossed genetic analysis between wheat and rye shows that s, s ~ s, s ~ A, s ~ N and s ~ Q are complex alleles belonging to one locus. According to the degree of hybridization, these genes can be arranged in the following order: s> s> S> s> A> s> N> s ~ Q. According to the degree of the dominant degree, the order is reversed: s ~ Q> S ~ N> s ~ S> s ~ A> s. This finding has been properly applied to the daily crossbreeding work between wheat and rye. 2. Chromosome doubling The wheat-rye hybrid tillering seedlings were cut at the base with a razor blade at the base and dipped in a 0.04-0.05% solution of colchicine for 4 days at room temperature below 15 ° C. In the greenhouse below 10 ℃, more than 90% of the treated seedlings can resume growth. Approximately 40.8% of F_1 sterile hybrid plants recovered from seedling could be transformed into partially fertile plants, and different numbers of seeds would be obtained from these successful plants. In this way, 4,700 original triticale lines have been manufactured. In 1961, a new polyploid mutagen was discovered. The name of the drug is Fumon Long, or p-toluenesulfonamide, which is a bactericide that doubles the number of chromosomes in the same way as Colchicine. 3. Seed setting rate and seed fullness Gene recombination and aggravation by hybridization The generational selection pressure is an effective way to improve the seed setting rate and seed fullness of octuploid triticale. Approximately 2,000 crossbreeds have been selected from various parents of rye primordial lines, and hybrids have been more commonly used in recent years to isolate and isolate good ones from generations. The resulting breeding out, seed set rate normal,