论文部分内容阅读
广播媒介具有三种特征鲜明的所有制形式,即国有制、公有制和私有制,世界上所有国家的广播管理机制基本上都是建立在这三种所有制基础上的。由于各国不同的政治背景、市场环境和文化、历史等原因,广播媒介管理机制呈现出多样化和复杂性。目前世界上最主要的三种广播媒介运作模式为:为数较少的欧洲国家和大部分包括中国在内的发展中国家盛行的政府控制下有限商业运作的国有广播模式.以西欧和日本为代表的公私并举的公共广播运作模式和以美国为代表的基本上私有化的商业广播运作模式。在世界新闻媒介产业化、集团化的大环境下,公共广播模式和商业广播模式较好地体现了当今西方广播经营管理发展的方向和趋势。公共广播模式公共广播管理机制下的广播事业是公共事业,不受国家政府的直接管理和控制,而由政府任命或批准一个半独立的媒介机构从事具体的广播活动.并经常处于立法机构的监督之下。广播机构自订工作方针、自制节目、自主经营、自负盈亏。经济来源以征收而来的使用接
Broadcasting media has three distinct forms of ownership: state ownership, public ownership and private ownership. The broadcasting management mechanisms of all countries in the world are basically based on these three ownership systems. Due to the different political background, market environment and culture, history and other reasons in different countries, the broadcasting media management mechanism is diversified and complex. At present, the three major broadcast media modes of operation in the world are: a limited state-owned broadcasting mode controlled by the government under the control of a small number of European countries and most developing countries including China, represented by Western Europe and Japan Public and private mode of operation of public broadcasting and the United States represented by the privatization of commercial broadcasting mode of operation. Under the environment of industrialization and collectivization of the world news media, the public broadcasting mode and commercial broadcasting mode better embody the direction and trend of the development and management of western broadcasting today. Public Broadcasting The public address management mechanism of broadcasting is a public utility that is not subject to the direct administration and control of national governments and is appointed or approved by the government as a semi-independent media agency for specific broadcasting activities and is often under the supervision of the legislature under. Broadcasters customize their work guidelines and make their own programs, operate their own businesses, and assume sole responsibility for their own profits and losses. The source of the economy to collect the use of access