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如今,伊朗油菜种植已经在其国内各地发展起来。然而,在整地、种植和收获过程中仍然存在一些问题。因此,需要采用新技术进行机械化收获。目前,谷物联合收获机生产公司除了生产常用设备,也生产一些安装在割台上的扩充配件。机械化收获系统尤其是常用的收获割台存在有相当大的损耗,同时熟练程度和需要特殊的油菜收获配套设备也是造成损失的原因之一。该试验研究一种割台和两种割台扩充配件对油菜收获损失的影响,从而确定损失量以及造成损失的原因。试验中涉及到一种常见割台,以及伊朗制造的采用机械侧刀切割器的Hamed割台扩充配件和采用液压侧刀切割器的Bizo割台扩充配件。试验采用随机完全区组设计,设6次重复。利用安置的托盘测定收获损失量。结果表明,随着割台运禾螺杆与切割器间距离的加大,割台扩充配件能降低损失量。因此,从总损失量考虑,常用割台与其他两种扩充配件相比差异显著。普通割台损失量为599kghm2,而采用侧面垂直切割可以减少71kghm2。此外,使用液压系统替代机械系统以及使用双层切割器替代单层刀杆都有助于降低损失量。试验结果显示,破损种子量为39.6kghm2,占总产量的1.12%。试验结果是令人满意的,同时改善了联合收获机的性能。通过使用割台扩充配件有利于降低收获中的损耗。
Today, rapeseed cultivation in Iran has developed throughout its country. However, there are still some problems with soil preparation, planting and harvesting. Therefore, mechanized harvesting is required with new technologies. Currently, cereal combine harvester production companies produce not only common equipment but also some expansion accessories installed on the header. Mechanized harvesting systems, especially for harvest harvesters, present considerable losses, while proficiency and the need for special canola harvesting equipment are among the causes of the losses. This study examined the effects of a header and two header extensions on the loss of rapeseed harvest to determine the amount of loss and the cause of the loss. The test involved a common header, as well as the Hamed header extension made in Iran with a mechanical side cutter and the Bizo header extension with a hydraulic side cutter. Randomized complete block design experiment, set 6 times. The amount of harvest loss was determined using a placed tray. The results show that with the increase of the distance between the header hanger and the cutter, the header extension fitting can reduce the loss. Therefore, considering the total loss, the commonly used header differs significantly from the other two expansion accessories. Common header loss of 599kghm2, and the use of vertical cutting can reduce side 71kghm2. In addition, the use of a hydraulic system instead of a mechanical system and the use of double cutters to replace single-layer tool bars all helped to reduce losses. The test results show that the amount of damaged seeds is 39.6kghm2, accounting for 1.12% of the total output. The test results are satisfactory, while improving the performance of the combine harvester. Extending the accessories by using the header helps to reduce losses during harvesting.