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本文认为,从交易效率视角考察中国的城乡差距是一个可取的理论尝试,它能为不同经济体制、不同时期、不同地区的城乡差距提供一个较为统一的解释。中国的情形具有特殊性,但只表现为特殊的交易效率结构对城乡差距影响的必然结果。接着,利用这一视角考察了1949年以来中国城乡差距的变化情况,结果显示,我国的城乡差距不同于市场经济国家的内生性城乡差距,更多地表现为人为的、外生性城乡差距。解决的办法在于取消不利于经济体交易效率提高的政策措施,厉行有利于交易效率提高的制度改革。
This paper holds that looking at the gap between urban and rural areas in China from the perspective of transaction efficiency is a desirable theoretical attempt and can provide a more uniform explanation for the urban-rural gap in different economic systems, different periods and different regions. The situation in China is peculiar, but only shows the inevitable result of the influence of the special transaction efficiency structure on the urban-rural gap. Then, using this perspective to examine the changes of urban-rural gap in China since 1949, the results show that the gap between urban and rural areas in our country is different from the endogenous urban-rural gap in market-oriented countries and more as an artificial and exogenous urban-rural gap. The solution is to abolish the policy measures that are detrimental to the efficiency of transactions in the economy and implement the system reform that is conducive to the improvement of transaction efficiency.