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细小病毒(PV)B19属细小病毒科，红病毒属，是一种人群感染率高的单链DNA病毒。PVB19感染可累及多个组织器官，甚至参与某些疾病的发生、发展。PVB19感染临床表现具有多样性，可能导致心肌炎、肺炎、肝炎、肾小球肾炎等多种并发症。对于免疫功能正常人群，PVB19感染常症状轻微或无症状。但是，对于实体器官移植(SOT)和造血干细胞移植(HSCT)等免疫功能缺陷的特殊人群，其可能导致移植器官功能障碍或移植物功能不良，甚至移植失败。笔者通过PVB19病毒生物学及其感染免疫机制、PVB19感染的常见临床表现、移植后PVB19感染，以及PVB19感染的诊断、治疗方面，对PVB19感染临床表现的多样性进行阐述，旨在从生物学及感染免疫等不同视角重新认识PVB19感染，并为移植后PVB19感染的诊断和治疗提供依据。“,”Parvovirus (PV) B19 is a member of the erythrovirus genus, the family n Parvoviridae.It is a single-stranded DNA virus with a high rate of human infection.PVB19 infection can involve multiple organs and tissues, and participate in the occurrence and development of certain diseases.The clinical manifestations of PVB19 infection are diverse, which can cause various complications such as myocarditis, pneumonia, hepatitis and glomerulonephritis. For people with normal immune function, PVB19 infection could be asymptomatic or mild. However, for special populations with immune deficiencies such as patients after solid organ transplantation (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), it may lead to dysfunction of the transplanted organ or gtaft, even transplant failure.This article explains the clinical manifestations in patients with PVB19 infection through PVB19 virus biology and its infection immune mechanisms, common clinical manifestations of PVB19 infection, PVB19 infection after transplantation, and the diagnosis and treatment of PVB19 infection, in order to re-understand PVB19 infection from different perspectives such as biology and infection immunity, and provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of PVB19 infection after transplantation.n