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目的探讨昆明市西山区手足口病流行病学特征,为今后制定预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法根据国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统提供的2011年昆明市西山区手足口病疫情数据,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果昆明市西山区2011年共报告手足口病1 251例,发病率为245.83/10万(1 251/508 880),死亡2例,病死率为0.16%(2/1 251)。发病主要集中在人口较为密集的中心城区,其中福海街道办事处发病数最多(317例)。男性729例,女性522例,男女发病性别比为1.40∶1;病例年龄主要集中在0～4岁,共发病1 114例(占89.05%);发病主要集中于儿童,前3位职业分别为托幼儿童(618例)、散居儿童(596例)和学生(31例),共发病1 245例(占99.52%)。检出肠道病毒核酸阳性样本274份,以肠道病毒71型阳性为主(161份,占58.76%),其次为柯萨奇病毒A组16型阳性107份(占39.05%)。结论 2011年昆明市西山区手足口病发病存在明显的年龄、性别和季节特征,肠道病毒71型是引起儿童手足口病的主要病原体,4岁及以下儿童是重点防控人群。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Xishan District, Kunming City, and to provide a scientific basis for future prevention and control measures. Methods According to the epidemic data of hand-foot-mouth disease in Xishan District of Kunming in 2011 provided by the National Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System, the descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic situation. Results A total of 1 251 HFMD cases were reported in Xishan District of Kunming in 2011, with a prevalence of 245.83 / 100000 (1 251/508 880) and 2 deaths (0.161%). The incidence mainly concentrated in the more densely populated central city, of which Fuhai Subdistrict Office incidence of the most (317 cases). There were 729 males and 522 females, with a sex ratio of 1.40:1. The age of the patients mainly ranged from 0 to 4 years old, with a total of 1 114 cases (89.05%). The incidence mainly concentrated in children. The top three occupations were Children in kindergarten (618 cases), scattered children (596 cases) and students (31 cases), a total of 1 245 cases (99.52%). A total of 274 positive samples of enterovirus nucleic acid were detected, of which 71 were enterovirus positive (161, accounting for 58.76%), followed by Coxsackie A virus, 16 positive 107 (39.05%). Conclusion The incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease in Xishan District of Kunming City in 2011 has obvious age, sex and seasonality. Enterovirus 71 is the major cause of hand, foot and mouth disease in children. Children aged 4 and below are the key prevention and control people.