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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effects of Shexiang Tongxin dropping pill(麝香通心滴丸,STDP)in a rat model of coronary microcirculatory dysfunction(CMD).METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated randomly into four groups:sham,CMD model,STDP,and nicorandil.After 4 weeks of treatment,CMD was induced by injection of sodium laurate(0.2 mL,2 g/L)into the left ventricle while obstruct-ing the ascending aorta.Rats in the sham group un-derwent an identical surgical procedure but were administered physiological(0.9％)saline(0.2 mL).Twenty-four hours after surgery,blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses and en-zyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Heart tissues were removed for histopathology staining;apopto-sis and inflammatory cytokines were examined by Western blotting.RESULTS:The STDP group had a lower level of cre-atine kinase-myocardial band,lactate dehydroge-nase,and cardiac troponin-l than that in the CMD model group.Infiltration of inflammatory cells,myocardial ischaemia,and microthrombosis were relieved in the STDP group compared with CMD model group.Levels of endothelin-1,nuclear fac-tor-kappa B,tumour necrosis factor-α,interleu-kin-6,interleukin-1β,malondialdehyde,B-cell lym-phoma(Bcl)-2-associated X protein,and caspase-3 were lower,and levels of nitric oxide,Bcl-2,and su-peroxide dismutase were higher,in the STDP group in comparison with the CMD model group.CONCLUSION:STDP pretreatment improved the CMD induced by sodium laurate via anti-inflamma-tory,anti-apoptosis,and anti-oxidant mechanisms.