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目的通过分析蓬莱市自然疫源性疾病的流行现状和分布情况,为有效预防和控制自然疫源性疾病的发生和传播提供科学依据。方法应用描述性流行病学方法对2004~2012年蓬莱市疫情资料进行统计分析。结果2004~2012年蓬莱市自然疫源性疾病共发生8种183例,死亡16例,年均发病率为4.54/10万,病死率为8.74%,发病前三位的依次是肾综合症出血热(HFRS)、发热伴血少板减少综合征(SFTS)、恙虫病等,狂犬病、布鲁氏菌病偶有散发或输入性传染。大多发生于4~10月之间,占83.06%。病例以35~64岁之间为主,占病例总数的69.40%。男性多于女性,男女比为2.66:1。职业以农民为主,占病例总数的81.97%。结论蓬莱市自然疫源性疾病发病率低,但病死率高,重点破坏农村劳动力。因此,应加强疫情监测、免疫接种,提高诊疗技术和疑似病例筛查,各相关部门加强合作,开展防鼠灭鼠、动物疫情监测、健康教育等综合性措施。
Objective To analyze the prevalence and distribution of natural foci of Penglai City and provide a scientific basis for the effective prevention and control of the occurrence and spread of natural foci of infectious diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic data of Penglai City from 2004 to 2012. Results From 2004 to 2012, a total of 183 cases of natural foci of Penglai City were found in 8 kinds with 16 deaths. The average annual incidence rate was 4.54 / 100 000 and the case fatality rate was 8.74%. The top three diseases were renal syndrome hemorrhage Fever (HFRS), fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), scrub typhus, etc., rabies, brucellosis occasionally disseminated or imported sexually transmitted infections. Most occurred in 4 to 10 months, accounting for 83.06%. Cases of 35 to 64 years old, accounting for 69.40% of the total number of cases. More men than women, male to female ratio of 2.66: 1. Occupation mainly farmers, accounting for 81.97% of the total number of cases. Conclusion The incidence of natural epidemic diseases in Penglai City is low, but the case fatality rate is high, with the focus on damaging rural labor force. Therefore, epidemic situation surveillance and immunization should be strengthened, screening techniques and suspected cases should be improved, all relevant departments should step up cooperation and conduct comprehensive measures such as anti-rodent control, animal epidemic situation monitoring and health education.