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用人工模拟降雨研究径流,可以大大缩短试验周期,加速雨水入渗规律和土壤侵蚀规律的研究进程。目前的人工模拟降雨装置普遍存在体积庞大、操作复杂、试验成本高等问题,在现实应用中难以推广。该文针对以上问题设计了一种由喷淋系统和供水系统构成的便携式人工模拟降雨装置。该装置采用单喷头、下喷式模拟降雨结构,通过控制输水管道供水压力和改变喷头型号,实现了不同雨强、不同历时的人工模拟降雨过程。通过降雨特性试验表明,该装置可实现降雨强度为0～140mm/h的模拟降雨,降雨均匀性能保持在80%以上,雨滴直径主要分布在0.1～5.5mm之间,能够满足不同直径的雨滴获得2～2.9m/s的终点速度。试验结果与天然降雨有较高的相似性,可有效实现模拟降雨。
Using simulated rainfall to study runoff can greatly shorten the test period and speed up the research process of rainfall infiltration and soil erosion. At present, there are many problems such as bulky, complicated operation and high test cost, which are difficult to popularize in practical application. In view of the above problems, this paper designs a portable artificial simulated rainfall device composed of sprinkler system and water supply system. The device uses a single nozzle, the next spray-simulated rainfall structure, by controlling the water supply pipeline pressure and change the nozzle model, to achieve different rainfall intensity, different duration of artificial rainfall process. Rainfall test shows that the device can achieve simulated rainfall with rainfall intensity of 0 ~ 140mm / h, the rainfall uniformity is maintained above 80%, and the diameter of raindrop mainly distributes between 0.1 ~ 5.5mm, which can meet the raindrops with different diameters 2 ~ 2.9m / s end speed. The test results have high similarity with natural rainfall, which can effectively simulate rainfall.