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综合分析河南省花生农家品种资源的农艺和品质性状,为花生的遗传育种提供理论依据。以128个不同地域来源的河南省农家品种为材料,田间调查株型、分枝型和开花习性等植物学性状,收获考种测定主茎高、侧枝长、总分枝数、结果枝数、单株产量、百果重和百仁重农艺性状,并测定蛋白质、脂肪、油酸和亚油酸含量。结果表明,农家品种以密枝型为主,农艺性状中百仁重的变异系数最大,为31.1%,其次为单株产量和总分枝数,分别为27.5%和22.2%,变异系数最小的为侧枝长,为12.5%;品质性状方面,河南农家品种资源的脂肪含量较高,脂肪含量55%以上的有10个花生品种。蛋白质含量偏低,最高仅25.3%,油酸含量中等,平均45.4%,最高的52.4%。本研究表明河南省农家品种的农艺性状表现丰富的遗传多样性,品质方面脂肪含量相对较高,合理利用河南省农家品种资源,可为花生品质改良提供优质性状的亲本。
Comprehensive analysis of agronomic and quality traits of peanut farmland variety resources in Henan Province provides a theoretical basis for genetic breeding of peanut. Taking 128 farmer cultivars from different regions of Henan Province as materials, field investigation was made on botanical traits such as plant type, branch type and flowering habit. The main stem height, branch length, total branch number, number of branches, Yield per plant, fruit weight per hundred, and weight per plant were measured. Protein, fat, oleic and linoleic acid contents were determined. The results showed that the varieties of peasant households were mainly of dense shoots. The coefficient of variation of Peinian was the highest in agronomic traits (31.1%), followed by the yield per plant and the total number of branches (27.5% and 22.2%, respectively) with the smallest coefficient of variation For the side branch length, 12.5%; quality traits, Henan farmers rich varieties of resources higher fat content, fat content of more than 55% of 10 peanut varieties. Low protein content, the highest only 25.3%, medium oleic acid, an average of 45.4%, the highest 52.4%. This study showed that agronomic traits of Henan farmers showed rich genetic diversity and relatively high fat content in quality, which could be used rationally to provide quality traits for peanut quality improvement.