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目的为解决城市外来儿童预防接种管理,保持儿童高水平免疫接种率。方法对北京市2000~2005年<7岁外来儿童强化查漏补种策略实施效果进行评价。结果每次强化查漏补种实施,可调查儿童12.5万~16.8万人,发现口服脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)疫苗(OPV)零剂次免疫19 136~35 764人,强化查漏补种策略实施前后,外来儿童建卡率由64.5%~80.6%上升到98.3%~100.0%,建证率由68.7%~84.9%上升至98.3%~100.0%。OPV补种率>97.0%。2004年麻疹疫苗、百白破联合疫苗、流行性乙型脑炎疫苗零剂次免疫儿童补种率>90%。通过强化查漏补种策略实施,基本掌握了北京市外来儿童底数、地区分布和预防接种管理水平,为制定外来儿童预防接种相关政策与管理办法提供了可靠依据。结论强化查漏补种策略的创立与实施,有效解决了低免疫接种率外来儿童与高免疫接种率本地儿童高度混杂地区的预防接种难题,节省了卫生资源,在中国流动人口综合管理机制尚未建立的现阶段具有不可替代的作用,为城市流动儿童预防接种管理提供了可借鉴的经验。随着维持无脊灰的持续和2012年消除麻疹的启动,该策略将产生更加巨大的社会和经济效益。
The purpose is to solve the management of vaccination of migrant children in urban areas and to maintain a high level of immunization rate among children. Methods The implementation effect of enhanced leak detection and seeding strategy of children aged <7 years in Beijing from 2000 to 2005 was evaluated. Results For each implementation of enhanced leak detection and replanting, 125 000 to 168 000 children were investigated, and 19 136 to 35 764 were found to be orally immunized with oral polio (polio) vaccine (OPV) Before and after implementation, the rate of building cards for foreign children increased from 64.5% to 80.6% to 98.3% to 100.0%, and the rate of establishing certificates increased from 68.7% to 84.9% to 98.3% to 100.0%. OPV replanting rate> 97.0%. 2004 measles vaccine, diphtheria combined vaccine, epidemic encephalitis vaccine zero-dose immunization of children, the rate of> 90%. By strengthening the implementation of the leak detection and replanting strategy, we have basically mastered the base of foreign children in Beijing, their geographical distribution and the level of vaccination management, which provides a reliable basis for formulating the relevant policies and management measures for vaccination against foreign children. Conclusion The establishment and implementation of enhanced leak detection and replanting strategy effectively solved the vaccination problem of low immunization rate in foreign children and high vaccination rate in local high-mixed areas of children, saved the health resources, and the integrated management mechanism of floating population in China has not been established The current stage has an irreplaceable role in providing vaccination management for migrant children in cities with experience that can be used for reference. With the maintenance of polio-free persistence and the start of measles elimination in 2012, this strategy will have greater social and economic benefits.