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比马棉基因型(海岛棉)的特征是高大和迟熟:但是新近培育的比马棉基因型则较矮和较早熟。本研究的目的是探讨比马棉早熟基因型和迟熟基因型之间的表型差异,及其与陆地棉早熟性状的关系。我们于1980、1981和1982年,在亚里桑那州菲尼克斯地区种植了所要研究的三个比马棉基因型。在收获季节,将棉株晒干,然后考种,从而获得了植株高度、茎和分枝总重、主茎节数、主茎节间长度、第一果枝着生部位、滞育节位、主茎叶腋上的棉铃数、早熟棉铃着生和脱落情况、迟熟青铃数和成熟棉铃数等资料。与迟熟基因型相比,早熟基因型有如下特点:(1)主茎节间和果枝节间长度都较短,(2)茎重较轻,(3)第一果枝着生的节位较低,(4)滞育节位较低,(5)二级果枝上着铃数较多。每株棉株在先开花的三十个果位上,早熟基因型着铃数较多,落铃的果枝数较少,落铃也较少。早熟基因型表现出一个结铃效率较大,即成熟棉铃数与茎重之比较大;以及在先开花的三十个果位上着铃数较多。比马棉中很多的早熟性状与陆地棉是相似的。结铃效率可以看作是最有用的选择参数。
The Pima cotton genotype (island cotton) is characterized by high and late maturity: the recently cultivated Pima cotton genotype is shorter and more premature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenotypic differences between the genotypes of Pima and the maturity genotypes and their relationship with the precocity traits of upland cotton. We planted three pima cotton genotypes in Phoenix, Arizona, in 1980, 1981, and 1982. During the harvesting season, the cotton plants were sun-dried and then tested for seed germination. Plant height, total stem and branch weight, number of main stems, length of main stem internodes, placement of first fruit branches, diapause knots, The number of cotton bolls on the armpits of the main stems, the incidence and emergence of bollworms, the number of late-maturing bellies and the number of mature bolls. Compared with the late-maturing genotype, the precocious genotype has the following characteristics: (1) the length between the internode and fruiting branches is shorter, (2) the stem weight is lighter, (3) the first fruiting branch Lower, (4) diaper knuckle lower, (5) secondary fruiting branches with more bell. Each cotton plant flowering thirty first fruit position, precocious genotypes boll number, falling number of fruiting branches less, falling bell less. The precocious genotype showed a bolder of greater efficiency, ie, a greater ratio of mature boll number to stem weight; and a greater number of bolls at the thirty first flowering flower. Many of the precocious traits in Pima cotton are similar to upland cotton. Ringing efficiency can be seen as the most useful selection parameter.