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据1971年世界主要林业国家山区林区木材采运国际学术讨论会发表的论文和介绍的情况,简介世界主要林业国家山区林区木材采运工业的发展趋势如下。一、采伐方式西欧国家,由于没有原始的成过熟林,因此,森林经营都是小规模的,以永续利用为原则。采伐方式有皆伐、群状择伐、择伐和渐伐等。趋于用精选苗人工更新。美国、加拿大和日本等国家,基本上采用皆伐方式,然后进行机械更新。二、集材方式坡度在25°以下时,一般采用带绞盘机或液压抓钩的轮式或履带式拖拉机原条集材。同时,配备大功率的推土机,舖设集材道和运材岔线。
According to the papers and presentations published in the International Symposium on Timber Logging and Mining in Mountainous Forest Regions of the World’s Major Forestry Countries in 1971, the development trend of timber mining and transportation industries in mountainous areas in the world’s major forestry countries is summarized as follows. First, the harvesting methods Western European countries, because there is no original over mature forest, therefore, forest management are small-scale, sustainable use of the principle. Harvesting methods are clear cutting, grouping selective cutting, selective cutting and gradual cutting. Tend to use artificial selection of seedlings update. The United States, Canada and Japan and other countries, basically adopt the method of clear cutting, and then carry on the mechanical renewal. Second, the way of skidding slope below 25 °, the general use of winch or hydraulic grab hook wheeled or track tractor original strip skid. At the same time, equipped with high-power bulldozers, laying timber road and Yun Lu fork line.