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一般说来,西文哲学由近代走入现代,这是一个从理性主义发展成为非理性主义的巨变过程。这一点在德国现代哲学史上表现得尤为突出。相形之下,本文所要论及的卢卡奇则显得颇有几分“反潮流”气派。因为整个20世纪西方哲学的主流是古典理性主义传统的日趋衰微与没落和各种非理主义思潮的愈益勃兴与泛滥。与此相反,卢卡奇则是仅有的一位从非理性主义阵营中冲杀出来,转而捍卫德国古典哲学辩证理性精神的德语思想家。 纵观卢卡奇的一生,其思想发展总过程可以说是这样走过的,即从对理性的非理性主义批判到对非理性主义的理性批判。一方面,在青年时代,他曾展开对资本主义文化的浪漫主义批判,从而奠定了20世纪非理性主义、尤其是存在主义的思想基础。另一方面,当他成为一名马克思主义者以后,卢卡奇不仅一再对自己的唯心主义思想进行过清理和批判,而且第一个展开对生命哲学、存在哲学的
In general, Western philosophy into modern from modern times, this is a change from rationalism to irrational change. This is particularly evident in the history of German modern philosophy. In contrast, Lukacs to be discussed in this article is quite a bit “anti-trend” style. Because the mainstream of western philosophy throughout the 20th century is the decline and decline of the classical rationalist tradition and the growing popularity and proliferation of various kinds of non-rationalist trends of thought. In contrast, Lukacs is the only German thinker who rushed from the camp of non-rationalism and instead defends the dialectical and rational spirit of classical philosophy in Germany. Throughout his life, Lukacs’s general process of development can be said to have gone through this, from the rational criticism of non-rationalism to rational criticism of non-rationalism. On the one hand, in his youth, he criticized the romanticism of capitalist culture and laid the ideological foundation for 20th-century non-rationalism, especially existentialism. On the other hand, when he became a Marxist, Lukacs not only cleaned up and criticized his own idealism repeatedly but also first started his philosophy of life and existential philosophy