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目的了解青岛市高、低运动素质中小学生的体质质量及体成分构成区别。方法以参加2014年青岛市学生体质与健康调研的7~18岁汉族中小学生为研究对象,测量身高、体重及上臂、肩胛下角2处皮脂厚度测量值测算BMI值,并根据长岭晋吉公式和Brozek公式估算体成分。凡速度、爆发力、肌耐力、耐力跑和身体柔韧性均高于同性别、同年龄组均值为高运动素质,均低于同性别、同年龄组均值为低运动素质。结果男生高运动素质者占12.71%,低运动素质占9.69%;女生高素质运动者占10.78%,低素质运动者占7.57%。高运动素质者脂肪组织(FM)(10.51±5.56kg)、非脂肪组织(FMI)(4.13±1.95kg/m2)低于低运动素质者(20.65±13.75kg、8.10±4.79kg/m2)(P<0.01),而脂肪组织指数(FFM)(36.91±11.26kg)、非脂肪组织指数(FFMI)(14.43±1.93kg/m2)高于后者(34.97±11.13kg、13.89±2.18kg/m2)(P<0.01);低运动素质组肥胖和超重率(29.45%、21.14%)高于普通组(10.01%、14.82%)和高运动素质组(1.38%、8.65%)(P<0.01)。结论高、低运动素质中小学生的体成分指数存在明显差别。
Objective To understand the differences of body constitution and body composition of primary and secondary school students with high and low exercise quality in Qingdao. Methods A total of 7 to 18-year-old Han Chinese primary and middle school students participated in the survey of physical fitness and health of students in Qingdao City in 2014. The height and weight, the measured BMI of sebaceous thickness at the upper arm and subscapular angle were measured, Brozek formula estimates body composition. Where speed, explosive power, muscle endurance, endurance run and body flexibility are higher than the same sex, the same age group mean high exercise quality, were lower than the same sex, the same age group mean low exercise quality. Results Male high exercise quality accounted for 12.71%, low exercise quality accounted for 9.69%; girls high-quality exercise accounted for 10.78%, low-quality exercise accounted for 7.57%. High exercise-quality subjects had lower FM (10.51 ± 5.56 kg) and lower FMI (4.13 ± 1.95 kg / m 2) than those with low exercise (20.65 ± 13.75 kg, 8.10 ± 4.79 kg / m 2) (FFM) (36.91 ± 11.26kg) and FFMI (14.43 ± 1.93kg / m2) higher than the latter (34.97 ± 11.13kg, 13.89 ± 2.18kg / m2 ) (P <0.01). The obesity and overweight rates in low exercise group (29.45%, 21.14%) were significantly higher than those in normal group (10.01%, 14.82%) and high exercise group (1.38%, 8.65% . Conclusion There is a significant difference in the body composition index of primary and secondary school students with high and low motor quality.