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目的:比较分析牙科金属材料的致敏性,为今后科学选择牙科金属材料提供指导。方法:对92例口腔内含金属修复体的受试者进行斑贴试验。采用SPSS 17.0软件包对相关数据进行Pearsonx~2检验、校正的x~2检验和Fisher确切概率检验。结果:①不同金属材料的过敏率不同,镍(Ni)的过敏率最高22.8%,铝(Al)的过敏率为0。②对钯(Pd)和镍(Ni)过敏者中,女性多于男性,差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。③女性中,穿耳者镍(Ni)的阳性率较高,但穿耳与镍(Ni)过敏无相关关系(P>0.05)。④钯(Pd)和镍(Ni)之间存在交叉过敏,对钯(Pd)过敏者中,83.3%对镍(Ni)过敏;对镍(Ni)过敏者中,47.6%对钯(Pd)过敏。⑤斑贴试验可出现迟发反应。结论:牙科金属材料具有一定的过敏率,女性对钯(Pd)和镍(Ni)的过敏率显著高于男性。斑贴试验可出现迟发反应,必要时可观察96 h、7 d甚至更长时间的结果,以排除假阴性。
Objective: To comparatively analyze the sensitization of dental metal materials and provide guidance for the scientific selection of dental metal materials in the future. Methods: Patch tests were performed on 92 oral metallic prostheses. The SPSS 17.0 software package was used to perform Pearson-2 test, corrected x-2 test and Fisher exact test. Results: ① The sensitivities of different metal materials were different, the highest rate of nickel (Ni) was 22.8% and the rate of aluminum (Al) was 0. ② For Pd and Ni allergy, there were more women than men, the difference was significant (P <0.05). ③ In females, the positive rate of wearing nickel (Ni) was higher, but there was no correlation between wearing ear and Ni (P> 0.05). (4) Allergy to palladium (Pd): 83.3% were allergic to nickel (Ni); 47.6% to nickel (Ni) allergy. ⑤ patch test may be delayed response. CONCLUSIONS: Dental metal materials have a certain rate of allergy, and women have significantly higher rates of allergy to palladium (Pd) and nickel (Ni) than men. Patch test may be delayed response, if necessary, observe the results of 96 h, 7 d or even longer to rule out false negatives.