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二.肝的代谢功能在肝內,碳水化合物、脂肪以及蛋白貭的代謝是交錯进行的。这方面的知識,在一般生物化学教科书內均有所闡述。这里仅就肝在代謝作用的調节方面和肝脏机能障碍时对有机体的代謝影响加以介紹。肝和腎对全身的細胞起着重要的調节作用,因为这两种器官可以决定細胞外液成分的恆定。細胞外液为細胞营养所必不可缺少的,肝可以稳定細胞外液內的有机組成成分。通过肝的储存、合成、結合、排泄以及发放有机成分,肝可以稳定細胞外的介貭,而使身体的正常功能得以进行。例如血糖浓度的恆定以及从血循环中移去氨基酸或加入氨基酸等作用,都表現出肝的作用可以使全身細胞的营养得以保証稳定。 內环境恆定的自动調节作用可以由神經的及体液的因素加以維持。这些因素都可以調节肝細胞的代謝活动。一部分的自动調节机制是由于肝能激活或抑制一定的激素而引起的。
Second, the liver’s metabolic function In the liver, carbohydrates, fat and protein 貭 metabolism is staggered. Knowledge in this area is described in general biochemistry textbooks. Here, only the metabolic effects of the liver on metabolic regulation and the metabolic effects on the organism during liver dysfunction are described. Liver and kidney play an important regulatory role in systemic cells because these two organs determine the extracellular fluid composition. Extracellular fluid is essential for cell nutrition, the liver can stabilize the organic components of the extracellular fluid. By storing, synthesizing, binding, excreting and dispensing organic components of the liver, the liver can stabilize extracellular mediators and allow the body’s normal function to proceed. For example, the constant blood glucose concentration and removal of amino acids from the blood circulation or the role of amino acids, etc., have shown that the role of the liver can make the body cells to ensure the stability of nutrition. The constant self-regulation of the inner environment can be sustained by both neurological and humoral factors. These factors can regulate the metabolic activity of liver cells. Part of the auto-regulatory mechanism is due to the liver can activate or inhibit certain hormones caused.