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目的探究新疆阿拉山口艾比湖湿地蜱的种类、季节消长规律及其分子特征,为阿拉山口艾比湖湿地蜱的分类研究以及蜱传疾病的科学防控提供依据。方法采用布旗法和动物体表搜集法在阿拉山口禾角克边防连、乌兰达布森管护站、艾比湖湿地国家自然保护区石头房子3个采样点,自2014年4-8月连续采集蜱,对采集蜱种进行形态学鉴定,并选取代表蜱种进行线粒体16S r DNA序列扩增与测序分析。结果共采集蜱434只,其中游离蜱392只,寄生蜱42只;经体视显微镜形态学鉴定,采集样本为1科4属(扇头蜱属、璃眼蜱属、革蜱属、血蜱属)7种(亚洲璃眼蜱、边缘革蜱、银盾革蜱、血红扇头蜱、图兰扇头蜱、囊形扇头蜱、短垫血蜱);艾比湖湿地优势蜱种为亚洲璃眼蜱、边缘革蜱;蜱活动高峰集中在5-6月,革蜱属最高峰出现在5月,亚洲璃眼蜱为6月;线粒体16S r DNA PCR测序比对结果显示,边缘革蜱与新疆石河子注册的KF547986同源性在96%~100%,亚洲璃眼蜱与新疆伊犁注册的KF527439同源性在98%~99%,血红扇头蜱与以色列注册的KF219732同源性在93%~94%。结论首次在艾比湖湿地发现图兰扇头蜱和囊形扇头蜱;在国际上首次对短垫血蜱16S r DNA序列进行了分析和报道,该蜱与美国Haemaphysalis cretica同源性最高(91.0%);艾比湖湿地地区边缘革蜱、亚洲璃眼蜱、血红扇头蜱16S r DNA存在多样性,来自不同蜱种遗传分支。
Objective To investigate the species, seasonal variation and molecular characteristics of ticks in the wetland of Aibai Lake, Alashankou, Xinjiang, and to provide evidence for the classification of ticks in the wetlands of Alashankou Lake and the scientific control of tick-borne diseases. Methods The method of cloth flagging and animal body surface collection was used in three sampling sites of stone house in Kaohsiung, Alashankou Wo, Kailianlou, Wulan Dabu Sen Management Station and Aibi Lake Wetland National Nature Reserve. Since 2014, Totally, ticks were collected continuously, morphological identification was performed on the collected ticks, and representative tick species were selected for mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequence amplification and sequencing analysis. Results A total of 434 ticks were collected, of which 392 were free ticks and 42 were tickless ticks. The samples were classified into 4 genera and 1 genus according to the morphological observation by stereomicroscope (Acetacum, Hymenoptera, 7 species (Eichhornia crassipes, Dictyostelium japonicum, Dictyostella spp., Heterodera sanguineus, Turania sylvatica, Cysticercus spp. And Echinochloa crusgalli). The dominant species of ticks in Lake Aibi wetland were Acipenser fimbriatus, Edge-ticking ticks; tick activity peak concentrated in May-June, the highest tick in ticks occurred in May, the Asian tick was ticked in June; mitochondrial 16S rDNA PCR sequencing comparison results showed that the edge of the leather The homologies of ticks to KF547986 registered in Shihezi of Xinjiang ranged from 96% to 100%. The identities of KF527439 registered between Asian blue-eyed ticks and Ili in Xinjiang ranged from 98% to 99%. The homology of KF219732 between R. eroticus and Israel registered at 93% ~ 94%. Conclusion For the first time, it is found that Turandot ticks and C. capsici ticks are found in the wetlands of Lake Aibi. For the first time, the 16S r DNA sequence of B. punctatus is analyzed and reported in the world. The ticks have the highest homology with Haemaphysalis cretica 91.0%). There was diversity of 16S r DNA in the ticks, ticks, and ticks in the wetlands of Lake Aibi, which came from the genetic branches of different species of ticks.