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新常态背景下,技能溢价是必然衍生的经济特征。厘清高等教育财政投入对技能溢价的作用机理与效应,对高等教育发展适应新常态具有重要启示意义。首先,本文基于高等教育外部性与大学学制的理论分析,构建高等教育财政投入影响技能溢价的数理模型。然后,本文使用中国31个省份1999-2012年的面板数据进行实证检验,实证结果表明:高等教育财政投入对技能溢价存在显著影响,毕业年投入与入学年投入均存在显著影响,且毕业年效应系数大于入学年,具体效应呈现地区差异:中西部地区以及全国层面高等教育财政入学年投入可以显著缩小当地技能溢价,东部则呈现扩大效应;毕业年投入效应相对于入学年发生效应逆转。最后,本文基于研究结论的政策含义提出相关建议。
Under the new normal background, skill premium is a necessary derivative of economic characteristics. Clarifying the mechanism and effect of the financial investment in higher education on the skill premium has important implications for the development of higher education to adapt to the new normal. First of all, based on the theoretical analysis of higher education externality and university academic system, this paper constructs the mathematical model of higher education financial investment impacting skill premium. Then, this dissertation uses the panel data from 1999 to 2012 in 31 provinces of China to test the empirical results. The empirical results show that the financial investment in higher education has a significant impact on the skill premium, and there is a significant impact on the investment in the year of graduation and the year of schooling, The coefficient is greater than that of the school year. The specific effects show regional differences. The investment in higher education fiscal year in the central and western regions and the national level can significantly reduce the local skill premium while the eastern region shows an expanding effect. The input effect in the graduation year is opposite to that in the school year. Finally, this article makes relevant suggestions based on the policy implications of the conclusion of the study.