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将龙凤的文化作为历史、考古或神话学的研究对象,是近代学科知识兴起之后的产物。近现代西方社会学理论的舶来,使中国学界对传统龙凤观念起源的解释成为兴趣焦点之一。大量社会进化论、人类学等似是而非的概念被翻译引进,再加上现代民族国家战争与动员力的需要,“龙凤”不但被赋予了按照不同现代人群需要所重塑的社会学标签,也在相当程度上被打造为一尊现代国族神像。本文尝试摆脱一系列关于龙凤观念“层累地”现代迷思,去探讨以考古、传世文献等实证资料研究早期中国龙凤图像及其观念起源、演化的可能。
Taking the culture of dragon and phoenix as the research object of history, archeology or mythology is the product of the rise of modern disciplinary knowledge. The modern theory of Western sociology has brought the Chinese academics to interpret the origin of traditional phoenix philosophies as one of the focuses of their interest. The introduction of many paradoxical concepts such as social evolution and anthropology, coupled with the need for warfare and mobilization power in modern nation states, not only has the “dragon and phoenix” been endorsed by sociological labels reshaped according to the needs of different modern populations. To a considerable extent be built as a modern national idol. This article tries to get rid of a series of modern myths about the concept of “dragon and phoenix” and “stratified land”, and to explore the possibility of studying the origin and evolution of early Chinese phoenixes and philosophers through empirical data such as archeology and handed down documents.