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山东省栖霞县观里公社,居于胶东半岛的中部、艾山南麓的丘岭地区。梨树即分布在漩水河的两岸,结果面积达2,500亩。观里公社栽培的梨树主要是栖霞香水梨和茌梨,已有一百四十余年的历史。但在旧社会,梨园荒蕪,年产量不足万斤。解放后,在党的领导下,社员逐渐重视梨树生产,他们加强对梨树的肥水管理、病虫防治、改造老梨树的修剪技术。由于果农对老梨树整形修剪技术的革新,使产量得到大幅度增长。1952年产梨27万斤,到1964年则产梨780万斤;好果率均达93％以上。有力的支援了国家社会主义建设。 观里公社的梨树树形演变过程可分为三个阶段:即自然形改为盘状形,再改为盘状挺身形。 在三十年前,观里梨区的梨树,多是任其自然生长。因而,病虫繁多、不便管理,产量极低。到1940年前后,部分果农学习了莱阳茌梨盘状整形法,将树冠开心、整成了盘状形。产量较前期显著提高,又便于管理。随着生产的发展,他们从生产实践中觉察到盘状形产量仍不够高,主枝易受日烧病,易折断;主枝延长枝易下垂、衰老快、寿命短,所以从1952年起,在盘状形的基础上,又改造树形成为较丰产的盘状挺身形。 栖霞香水梨和茌梨干性强,极性生长势强。腋花芽、顶花芽皆能结果。其老梨树隐芽寿命均较长,衰老期(70─80年)隐芽萌发及徒长枝特别多而旺。
Qixia County, Shandong Province in the commune, living in the middle of the Jiaodong Peninsula, Ai Shan South Hill area. Pear trees are distributed across the Swirling River, with an area of 2,500 acres. View of the commune cultivated pear is mainly Qixia Pear pear and pear, has more than 140 years of history. However, in the old society, the pears were deserted and the annual output was less than 10 kg. After the liberation, under the leadership of the party, members gradually attached importance to the production of pear trees. They strengthened the management of fertilizer and water for pear trees, the prevention and control of pests, and the transformation of the pruning techniques of old pear trees. As a result of fruit farmers on the old pear pruning technology innovation, so that production has been significantly increased. In 1952 pear 270000 jin, pear produced 7800000 jin in 1964; good fruit rate reached more than 93%. Strongly support the national socialist construction. View Commune pear tree tree evolution process can be divided into three stages: the natural shape to discoid shape, and then changed to a plateau shape. Thirty years ago, most of the pear trees in the Liri area were allowed to grow naturally. Therefore, many pests and diseases, inconvenient management, yield is very low. By 1940, some fruit farmers learned the disc-shaped plastic method of Laiyang Pear, which made the canopy happy and formed into a disc shape. Significantly increased production over the previous period, but also easy to manage. With the development of production, they perceive from the production practice that the plate-shaped yield is still not high enough. The main branch is easily exposed to the sun and easily broken. The main branch is prolonged with easy sticking, fast aging and short life span. Since 1952 , On the basis of discoid shape, but also transform the tree into a more productive discoid shape. Qixia Pear pear and dried pear strong, polar growth potential. Axillary flower buds, flower buds can be top results. The old pear tree hidden bud life are longer, aging (70-80 years) budding germination and leggy branches are particularly large and prosperous.