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小学数学教学大纲指出:“应该要求学生算得正确、迅速,同时还应注意计算方法的合理、灵活。”据此,学生的计算能力应具有正确、迅速、合理、灵活四方面的思维品质。其中正确是核心,是前提,没有正确性就谈不上迅速、合理和灵活,在计算中选用合理、灵活的算法,则不仅可以提高计算的速度,同时还可以有助于培养数学能力。 加、减法的速算是三年级教学中的难点,它的计算方法是:在计算加、减法的时候,如果加数或减数是接近整百,整千数的,就把它们看作整百、整千数进行计算,再同原接近整百、整千数相比较,看是多了还是少了,在此基础上进行补数,传统的补数方法:
The primary school mathematics syllabus states: “Students should be required to be correct and prompt, while also paying attention to the reasonable and flexible calculation method.” Accordingly, the students' computing abilities should have correct, prompt, reasonable and flexible thinking qualities. The correctness is the core and the precondition. Without correctness, it can not be said quickly, rationally and flexibly. Using reasonable and flexible algorithms in the calculation can not only improve the speed of calculation but also help to develop mathematics ability. Addition and subtraction speed calculation is difficult in the third grade teaching, and its calculation is: in the calculation of addition and subtraction, if the addend or subtraction is close to 100, the whole number of thousands, put them as a whole hundred , The whole number is calculated, and then with the original close to the whole hundred, the whole thousands compared to see more or less, on the basis of complement, the traditional complement method: