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近年来有关小于胎龄儿（ＳＧＡ）的生长与代谢调控机制及其远期影响的研究是营养和内分泌领域的研究热点之一。研究表明ＳＧＡ宫内及生后追赶生长主要是受代谢轴（营养物质－胰岛素－胰岛素样生长因子）的调控。宫内和生后早期营养不足均可致多种激素敏感性的改变，这种改变尤其是胰岛素抵抗与ＳＧＡ在成年后发生代谢综合征的易患性增高关系密切。
In recent years, the research on the mechanism of the growth and metabolism of small-gestational-age children (SGA) and its long-term effects is one of the hot topics in the fields of nutrition and endocrine. Studies have shown that the catch-up growth in the SGA intrauterine and postnatal periods is mainly regulated by the axis of metabolism (nutrient-insulin-insulin-like growth factor). In utero and early malnutrition can lead to a variety of hormone-sensitive changes, especially in insulin resistance and SGA metabolic syndrome in adults increased vulnerability to close.