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[背景]交通相关的空气污染(TRAP)对发育中大脑的潜在影响受到越来越多的关注。由于流行病学研究有限,TRAP暴露对儿童期行为的影响尚不完全清楚。[目的]采用一种TRAP替代品(归因于交通的元素碳,ECAT)探讨生命早期TRAP暴露与7岁时注意力缺失/多动症(ADHD)症状之间的关联。[方法]从辛辛那提儿童过敏与空气污染研究(CCAAPS)出生队列中,收集婴儿期ECAT暴露和7岁时行为得分的数据。入组CCAAPS的儿童,其父母中至少有一位患遗传性过敏症,并且出生居所距离一条主要公路<400m或者>1500m。这些儿童的随访时间为自婴儿期至7岁。根据27个空气采样点的测量值和土地利用回归模型,估计生命第一年的ECAT暴露。当儿童7岁时,由家长填写完成儿童行为评估系统(第2版)。通过过度活跃(hyperactivity)、注意力问题(attention problem)、攻击性(aggression)、行为问题(conduct problems)和非典型(atypicality)分量表对ADHD相关症状进行评估。[结果]儿童生命第一年中ECAT暴露位于最高三分位数,与其7岁时处于“风险”范围的过度活跃T评分明显相关[调整后比值比(aOR)=1.7;95%CI:1.0～2.7]。对母亲教育程度分层后发现,在母亲具有较高教育程度的儿童中关联性更强(aOR=2.3;95%CI:1.3～4.1)。[结论]婴儿期ECAT暴露与儿童较高多动症评分相关,这种关联限于母亲具有高中以上教育程度的儿童。
[Background] The potential impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on the developing brain is receiving increasing attention. Due to limited epidemiological studies, the impact of TRAP exposure on childhood behavior is not fully understood. [Purpose] To explore the association between TRAP exposure in early life and symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at 7 years of age using a TRAP replacement (elemental carbon attributable to traffic, ECAT). [Methods] From the cohort of the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study (CCAAPS) cohort, data on ECAT exposure in infancy and behavioral scores at 7 years of age were collected. Children admitted to CCAAPS have at least one parent with atopic dermatitis and are born within <400m or> 1500m of a major road. The follow-up of these children ranged from infancy to 7 years. The ECAT exposure for the first year of life was estimated based on measurements of 27 air sampling sites and land-use regression models. When the child is 7 years old, complete the Child Behavior Assessment System by the parent (2nd edition). ADHD-related symptoms were assessed by hyperactivity, attention problem, aggression, conduct problems and atypicality subscales. [Results] ECAT exposure was highest in the first year of childhood and significantly correlated with the overactive T-score at the “risk” range at age 7 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.7; 95% CI : 1.0 ~ 2.7]. Stratification of the mother’s education revealed a stronger association between children with a high level of education at the mother’s mother (aOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.3 to 4.1). [Conclusion] The ECAT exposure in infancy is related to the higher ADHD score in children, which is limited to the children whose mothers have high school education or above.