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对西藏高原大棚蔬菜土壤进行了分析研究。结果表明,与相邻露地土壤相比,其有机质、全磷、全氮、速效磷、碱解氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、全镁等含量均有增加,全钾、速效钾、全钙等含量均有减少;土壤pH值下降,有酸化的趋势;微量元素铁、硼、锌、钼等全量均有增加的趋势。塑料大棚土壤硝态氮发生了积累。土壤有机质、硝态氮、全铁、全硼、全锌、全镁、全钼等含量有随塑料大棚种植年限的延长而增加的趋势;土壤全钙量随塑料大棚种植年限的延长而减少,这是大棚土壤结构性变差的主要原因;土壤全锰量、全铜量无明显的变化规律;土壤pH值随塑料大棚种植年限的延长而下降,出现了土壤酸化现象。因此,西藏高原设施蔬菜土壤管理应注重有机肥的施用,控制氮肥的施用量和施肥时期,合理轮作倒茬,适当施用石灰,调节土壤酸度,根据蔬菜生长情况,适当施用钾肥,改变传统观念—西藏土壤不缺钾;注意灌水方法。
The vegetable soil in the Tibetan plateau greenhouse was analyzed. The results showed that the content of organic matter, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and total magnesium increased compared with the adjacent open soil. Total potassium, available potassium, Calcium and other content decreased; soil pH decreased, there is a tendency of acidification; trace elements such as iron, boron, zinc, molybdenum all increased. Plastic greenhouse soil nitrate nitrogen accumulation. The content of soil organic matter, nitrate nitrogen, total iron, total boron, total zinc, total magnesium and total molybdenum tended to increase with the extension of plastic greenhouse planting years. The total amount of soil calcium decreased with the extension of plastic greenhouse planting years, This is the main reason for the structural deterioration of the soil in the greenhouse. There was no obvious change of total manganese and total copper in the soil. The soil pH value decreased with the extension of planting time in the plastic greenhouse, and soil acidification occurred. Therefore, vegetable soil management in Tibetan Plateau should pay attention to the application of organic manure, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied and the period of fertilization, properly rotate the stubble, properly apply lime, adjust the soil acidity, change the traditional concept according to the growth of vegetables Soil does not lack of potassium; pay attention to irrigation methods.