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在湖北省象鼻嘴小流域内,选取马尾松天然林及4种5年生的人工经济林+同等配置地埂植物篱模式,设置退耕5 a的撂荒地作为对照,进行典型样地植被、土壤调查,结合各植被恢复模式的野外径流场地表水土流失观测数据进行分析。结果显示:植被群落特征、土壤理化性质等方面的明显优势决定了马尾松天然林模式的蓄水、保土功能最强,与撂荒地(对照)模式相比,它的地表径流削减率约为40%,土壤侵蚀削减率高达80%以上;人工植被恢复模式的蓄水、保土能力大小为:板栗+黄花菜>桃+黄花菜>竹+黄花菜>李+黄花菜,均超过撂荒地(对照)模式;板栗+黄花菜模式的地表径流削减率为30%左右,土壤侵蚀削减率约为67%,以其为代表的经济林+植物篱模式的水土保持功能比起天然林模式还有一定差距。
In the Xiangtuizui catchment of Hubei Province, we selected the natural forest of Pinus massoniana and four kinds of artificial economic forest of five years + the same pattern of hedgerows and set up the fallow land for 5 years after returning farmland as control, and carried out the typical sample plots of vegetation, soil survey , And combined with the observation data of surface runoff on the surface runoff of each vegetation restoration model. The results showed that the distinct advantages of vegetation community characteristics and soil physical and chemical properties determined that the natural Pinus massoniana forest model had the highest water storage and soil conservation functions. Compared with the fallow land (control) model, the reduction rate of surface runoff was about 40%, soil erosion reduction rate as high as 80%; artificial vegetation restoration model of water storage, soil conservation capacity size: chestnut + day lily> peach + day lily> bamboo + day lily> plum + lily, (Control) pattern. The reduction rate of surface runoff in chestnut + lily pattern was about 30%, and the reduction rate of soil erosion was 67%. Compared with the natural forest pattern, the economic forest + hedgerow pattern represented by this model had A certain gap.