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目的探讨广州市不同性别的HIV感染者/AIDS患者抑郁影响因素的性别差异。方法通过方便抽样的方法,于2013年3—5月,采用自行设计的调查问卷对广州市第八人民医院的HIV感染者/AIDS患者进行问卷调查。主要包括一般人口社会学特征、HIV感染相关因素、抑郁状况、社会支持和自我效能状况、HIV相关羞辱和歧视感等。对调查结果进行描述性分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对调查对象的抑郁状况及其影响因素进行分析。结果本研究共调查409例HIV感染者/AIDS患者,调查对象中男性占69.9%(286/409),女性占30.1%(123/409);平均年龄为(36.26±8.82)岁。男性调查对象抑郁平均得分为(16.13±10.97)分,抑郁发生率为49.0%(140/286);女性调查对象抑郁平均得分为(16.15±12.71)分,抑郁发生率为46.3%(57/123),两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素logistic分析结果显示,自我效能得分(OR=0.232)、HIV相关羞辱和歧视感得分(OR=3.082)和性别与社会支持的交互作用(OR=0.663)是HIV感染者/AIDS患者抑郁的影响因素。相比较于获得较高社会支持的男性感染者,获得较高社会支持的女性感染者其发生抑郁的风险更低(OR=0.663)。基于性别的分层分析结果显示,对于男性感染者来说,较高的HIV相关羞辱和歧视感得分(OR=3.102)会增加抑郁的风险,而较高的自我效能得分(OR=0.176)可降低抑郁的风险。对于女性感染者而言,较高的HIV相关羞辱和歧视感得分(OR=4.309)会显著增加抑郁的风险,而有外出打工经历(OR=0.363)和较高的社会支持(OR=0.333)则降低抑郁的风险。结论广州市HIV感染者/AIDS患者抑郁状况较为严重。除了HIV相关羞辱和歧视感外,影响HIV感染者/AIDS患者抑郁状况的因素具有性别差异,男性感染者主要受到自我效能的影响,女性感染者主要受到社会支持的影响。
Objective To investigate the gender differences of depression in HIV / AIDS patients of different genders in Guangzhou. Methods From March to May in 2013, a questionnaire was designed to investigate the HIV / AIDS-infected patients in Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital from March to May in 2013. Mainly include the socio-demographic characteristics of the general population, HIV infection-related factors, depression, social support and self-efficacy, HIV-related stigma and discrimination. The descriptive analysis of the survey results, and the use of single and multivariate analysis of the survey of depression and its influencing factors were analyzed. Results A total of 409 HIV / AIDS patients were surveyed in this study. Among the surveyed subjects, 69.9% (286/409) were male, 30.1% (123/409) were female, and the mean age was (36.26 ± 8.82) years. The average depression score of male subjects was (16.13 ± 10.97) points and the depression rate was 49.0% (140/286). The average depression score of female subjects was (16.15 ± 12.71) and the incidence of depression was 46.3% (57/123 ), No significant difference between the two (P> 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that self-efficacy scores (OR = 0.232), HIV-related stigma and discrimination scores (OR = 3.082) and interaction of gender and social support (OR = 0.663) were depressed in HIV / AIDS patients Influencing factors. Women infected with higher social support had a lower risk of depression (OR = 0.663) than men with higher social support. Results of the gender-based stratification analysis showed that for men with HIV, a higher HIV-related stigma and discrimination score (OR = 3.102) increased the risk of depression, while a higher self-efficacy score (OR = 0.176) Reduce the risk of depression. For women with HIV, a higher HIV-related stigma and discrimination score (OR = 4.309) significantly increased the risk of depression while having migrant workers (OR = 0.363) and higher social support (OR = 0.333) Reduce the risk of depression. Conclusion The prevalence of depression in Guangzhou HIV / AIDS patients is more serious. In addition to HIV-related stigma and discrimination, there are gender differences in the factors that affect the depressive state of people living with HIV / AIDS. Men living with HIV are mainly affected by self-efficacy and women with HIV are mainly affected by social support.