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一、绪言湖南省洞庭湖区地势一般均在湖河中高水位之下、低水位之上,依靠修堤防御洪水。当河湖水位上漲、涵閘关閉之后,雨水就停積圩內不能排出、依靠內湖以調蓄田里过量的漬水。內湖的位置都选择圩內地势低窪的地方,其大小系根据閉閘期間降雨总量及排水情况决定的,一般約占全圩受雨面積的五分之一。为了擴大蓄積容量,在內湖周圍修筑矮子堤,羣众叫做渍水堤,使高低田的余水都可排入內湖储蓄。当湖河水位下落到低于圩內水位时,就利用排水系統与涵閘向外排泄。一般根据堤圩的地形、地势划成一个或数个排水系統,选擇圩子地势最低而居于外河下游的地方作为出水口,修建排水閘,并开挖渠道排水。干渠則布置在当中而低窪的地方,以便收集全圩的雨水,通过涵閘,向外排泄。这种排漬措施,便是“建閘圍湖,排蓄兼施”的方法。
I. INTRODUCTION The terrain of the Dongting Lake in Hunan Province is generally below the high water level of the lakes and rivers, above the low water level and relying on the dike to defend the flood. When the water level of rivers and lakes rises and the culvert closes, the rainwater will stop discharging in the polders and rely on the inner lake for storing excessive waterlogging in the fields. The location of the Neihu Lake is selected in the low-lying areas within the fair, the size of which is determined by the total amount of rainfall and discharge during the sluice, and generally accounts for about one-fifth of the total polder area. In order to expand the storage capacity, dwarf embankments are built around Lake Neihu, and the masses are called floodwaters. As a result, surplus water in the fields and highlands can be discharged into the lake for savings. When the lake water level drops below the water level in the fair, it is drained using the drainage system and the culvert. Generally according to the topography of the dike, topography into one or several drainage systems, choose the lowest lying in the dike and living in the lower reaches of the outcrop as a water outlet, the construction of drainage gates, and excavation of drainage channels. The main channel is arranged in the middle of the low-lying area in order to collect rainwater from the entire polder and drain it out through the culvert. This row of stains measures, it is “built around the lake, drainage and implementation” approach.