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在1949年建国之后,国家决定实施新民主主义的经济政策,以便在最高纲领与现实约束之间取得平衡。但是,短暂的执政实践迅速修正了国家先前关于新民主主义经济的态度,并由此导致了50年代一场朝向全面公有化的产权变革。这次产权变革在方向上是朝向公有化的,在时序推进上是激进的,在变革倾向上是高度意识形态化的。而所有这些,无不与1978年以来朝向民营化的渐进改革具有一种结构上的对称性。本文表明,50年代的激进公有化,是一个“财政能力—治理能力”处于“低水平均衡”中的传统国家在遭遇外部危机时的自然反应。
After the founding of China in 1949, the state decided to implement the new-democratic economic policy in order to strike a balance between the highest program and the practical constraints. However, the brief implementation of the ruling power quickly corrected the country’s previous attitude toward the new-democratic economy and led to a change of property rights towards full-scale public ownership in the 1950s. The reform of property rights in the direction of the direction of public ownership, the promotion of timing is radical, in the tendency of change is highly ideological. All of these have a structural symmetry with the gradual reform toward privatization since 1978. This paper shows that the radical publicization in the 1950s is a natural reaction of the traditional countries in the external crisis when they are in a “low-level equilibrium” with “fiscal capacity-governance capability.”