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宏基因组二代测序技术(mNGS)是一种无偏好、敏感性高、特异性强的分子生物学检测手段，目前已广泛应用于临床多种感染性疾病的辅助诊断，极大提高了患者的生存率和治愈率。近年来，mNGS临床应用研究的报道越来越多，本文主要就mNGS在呼吸系统感染性疾病诊疗方面的应用优势和所面临的挑战进行综述。“,”Metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) is a non-preference, highly sensitive and highly specific molecular biological detection method. Currently, it is widely used in the auxiliary diagnosis of a variety of infectious diseases in clinical practice, which has greatly improved the survival rate and cure rate of patients. In recent years, there are increasing numbers of reports on the clinical application of mNGS. This article mainly reviews the advantages and challenges in the application of mNGS for diagnosis and treatment of respiratory infectious diseases.